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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Sound
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pitch, dynamics, tone color, duration
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Pitch
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how high or high low.
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Internal: distance between 2 pitches (Octave: 2 steps apart, sound alike- Stravinsky's Firebird) (1/2 step: smallest interval in western music) (whole step: 2 1/2 steps)
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Tone Color
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quality of sound, characteristics
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Women: soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto
Men: tenor, baritone, bass |
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Duration
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Rhythm, tempo, melody
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Rhythm
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the flow of music through time
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Beat, Meter, Syncopation
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Meter
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Pattern of strong and weak beats
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Tempo
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Speed of the beat
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Downbeat (meter)
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strong beat
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Upbeat (meter)
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weak beat, moves up to prepare for strong
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Triple meter/duple meter
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1, 2, 3/1, 2
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Syncopation
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accent on a beat where you don't expect it
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Tempo
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speed of the beat
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Largo (tempo)
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very slow, broad
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Adagio (tempo)
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slow
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Andante (tempo)
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moderately slow, walking pace
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Allegro (tempo)
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Fast
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Vivace (tempo)
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lively
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Presto (tempo)
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very, very fast
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e
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and
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con
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with
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molto
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very
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moto
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motion
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brio
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vigor
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assai
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quite
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Tune
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short, easy to recognize
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theme
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melody used as a basis for extended composition
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motive (or motif)
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short, recognizable melody, opening to Beethoven
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What gives a melody its character?
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arrangement of steps and leaps, rhythm, phrases
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Phrases
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phrases that show you've arrived somewhere
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long or short, even or uneven, end with cadences, staccato/legato
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Cadences
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incomplete: sets up expectation
complete: sense of completion |
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Staccato
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get off it like its hot
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Legato
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very smoothly connected
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4 sections of orchestra
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woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion
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Andante (tempo)
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moderately slow, walking pace
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Allegro (tempo)
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Fast
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Vivace (tempo)
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lively
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Presto (tempo)
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very, very fast
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e
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and
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con
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with
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molto
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very
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moto
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motion
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brio
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vigor
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assai
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quite
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Melody
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a series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole
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Tune
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short, easy to recognize
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theme
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melody used as a basis for extended composition
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motive (or motif)
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short, recognizable melody, opening to Beethoven
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What gives a melody its character?
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arrangement of steps and leaps, rhythm, phrases
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Phrases
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phrases that show you've arrived somewhere
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long or short, even or uneven, end with cadences, staccato/legato
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Cadences
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incomplete: sets up expectation
complete: sense of completion |
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Staccato
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get off it like its hot
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Legato
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very smoothly connected
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4 sections of orchestra
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woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion
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String section
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vibrations, rich
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violins
violas (larger than violins) cellos (larger, between legs, end pin) Double Basses (tall) harp (constant plucking, very expensive) |
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Pizzicato
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plucking string
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Arco
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playing with bow
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double stop
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2 strings at same time, blues
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vibrato
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rocking left hand, singing tone
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mute
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softer, mysterious
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tremelo
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bow hand rapidly repeated note
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harmonics
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eerie sounds, lightly press string
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triple stop, quadruple stop
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multiple stops
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Woodwinds
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perky, sound from wood
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piccolo (short flute), flutes, oboes (double reed), clarinets (single reed), bassoons (double reed)
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Brass
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lips create soundwaves, aggressive
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horns (french horns): coiled, trumpets: smaller, trombones: slide, tuba
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Percussion
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hit or struck
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timpani (best musical ear)
kettledrums (retuned during song) bass drum snare drum (dry sound, turn snares off) cymbals (crash) chinese block (hollow wood) tambourine (jingles) xylophone (piano keyboard but with wood, use mallets) triangle castanets (finger cymbals) gong (round, big) whip (2 slaps of wood) |
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Major scale
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whole whole 1/2 whole whole whole half
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play C to C, ascending, white notes. 1/2 step between 3&4, 7&8
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Minor scale
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whole 1/2 whole whole 1/2 whole whole
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play A to A, ascending, white notes. 1/2 step between 2&3, 5&6
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Harmony
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the way chords are constructed and follow each other
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Chords
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3 or more notes sounded at the same time
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triads (3 notes, consonant intervals), other cords dissonant to create tension, chord progression
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Tonic Triad (chord) I
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do-mi-sol (C E F)
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Dominant Triad (chord) V
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sol-ti-re (G B D)
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Sub-Dominant Triad (chord) IV
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F A C
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Arpeggio
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broken chord, individual tones of chord are sounded one after another
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Half step
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any note to the next closest possible note (C->black)
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Whole step
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any note to the next note next to it (C->D)
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Texture
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number of things going on at once in a song
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Monophonic
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a single melodic line without accompaniment (like Gregorian chant, no harmony)
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Unison
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single melodic line at the same pitch by more than one instrument or voice
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Homophonic
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one main melody accompanied by chord
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Polyphonic
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two or more melodies competing for attention
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Imitation
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same melody but each player/singer starts melody at a different time
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Counterpoint
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technique of combining several lines into a meaningful polyphonic whole
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Form
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organization of musical elements in time
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ternary, binary
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Ternary
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ABA
ABA' (small changes) Dance of the Reed Pipes - Tchaikovsky |
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Binary
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AB
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Conductor
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beat time and indicate pulse and tempo with baton
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Concert Master
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best violinist in orchestra, starts it off and sits immediately to left of conductor
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Middle Ages (Medieval)
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450-1450
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Renaissance
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1450-1600
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Baroque
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1600-1750
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Classical
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1750-1820
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Romantic
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1820-1900
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Modern
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1900 >
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