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93 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Sound
pitch, dynamics, tone color, duration
Pitch
how high or high low.
Internal: distance between 2 pitches (Octave: 2 steps apart, sound alike- Stravinsky's Firebird) (1/2 step: smallest interval in western music) (whole step: 2 1/2 steps)
Tone Color
quality of sound, characteristics
Women: soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto
Men: tenor, baritone, bass
Duration
Rhythm, tempo, melody
Rhythm
the flow of music through time
Beat, Meter, Syncopation
Meter
Pattern of strong and weak beats
Tempo
Speed of the beat
Downbeat (meter)
strong beat
Upbeat (meter)
weak beat, moves up to prepare for strong
Triple meter/duple meter
1, 2, 3/1, 2
Syncopation
accent on a beat where you don't expect it
Tempo
speed of the beat
Largo (tempo)
very slow, broad
Adagio (tempo)
slow
Andante (tempo)
moderately slow, walking pace
Allegro (tempo)
Fast
Vivace (tempo)
lively
Presto (tempo)
very, very fast
e
and
con
with
molto
very
moto
motion
brio
vigor
assai
quite
Tune
short, easy to recognize
theme
melody used as a basis for extended composition
motive (or motif)
short, recognizable melody, opening to Beethoven
What gives a melody its character?
arrangement of steps and leaps, rhythm, phrases
Phrases
phrases that show you've arrived somewhere
long or short, even or uneven, end with cadences, staccato/legato
Cadences
incomplete: sets up expectation
complete: sense of completion
Staccato
get off it like its hot
Legato
very smoothly connected
4 sections of orchestra
woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion
Andante (tempo)
moderately slow, walking pace
Allegro (tempo)
Fast
Vivace (tempo)
lively
Presto (tempo)
very, very fast
e
and
con
with
molto
very
moto
motion
brio
vigor
assai
quite
Melody
a series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole
Tune
short, easy to recognize
theme
melody used as a basis for extended composition
motive (or motif)
short, recognizable melody, opening to Beethoven
What gives a melody its character?
arrangement of steps and leaps, rhythm, phrases
Phrases
phrases that show you've arrived somewhere
long or short, even or uneven, end with cadences, staccato/legato
Cadences
incomplete: sets up expectation
complete: sense of completion
Staccato
get off it like its hot
Legato
very smoothly connected
4 sections of orchestra
woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion
String section
vibrations, rich
violins
violas (larger than violins)
cellos (larger, between legs, end pin)
Double Basses (tall)
harp (constant plucking, very expensive)
Pizzicato
plucking string
Arco
playing with bow
double stop
2 strings at same time, blues
vibrato
rocking left hand, singing tone
mute
softer, mysterious
tremelo
bow hand rapidly repeated note
harmonics
eerie sounds, lightly press string
triple stop, quadruple stop
multiple stops
Woodwinds
perky, sound from wood
piccolo (short flute), flutes, oboes (double reed), clarinets (single reed), bassoons (double reed)
Brass
lips create soundwaves, aggressive
horns (french horns): coiled, trumpets: smaller, trombones: slide, tuba
Percussion
hit or struck
timpani (best musical ear)
kettledrums (retuned during song)
bass drum
snare drum (dry sound, turn snares off)
cymbals (crash)
chinese block (hollow wood)
tambourine (jingles)
xylophone (piano keyboard but with wood, use mallets)
triangle
castanets (finger cymbals)
gong (round, big)
whip (2 slaps of wood)
Major scale
whole whole 1/2 whole whole whole half
play C to C, ascending, white notes. 1/2 step between 3&4, 7&8
Minor scale
whole 1/2 whole whole 1/2 whole whole
play A to A, ascending, white notes. 1/2 step between 2&3, 5&6
Harmony
the way chords are constructed and follow each other
Chords
3 or more notes sounded at the same time
triads (3 notes, consonant intervals), other cords dissonant to create tension, chord progression
Tonic Triad (chord) I
do-mi-sol (C E F)
Dominant Triad (chord) V
sol-ti-re (G B D)
Sub-Dominant Triad (chord) IV
F A C
Arpeggio
broken chord, individual tones of chord are sounded one after another
Half step
any note to the next closest possible note (C->black)
Whole step
any note to the next note next to it (C->D)
Texture
number of things going on at once in a song
Monophonic
a single melodic line without accompaniment (like Gregorian chant, no harmony)
Unison
single melodic line at the same pitch by more than one instrument or voice
Homophonic
one main melody accompanied by chord
Polyphonic
two or more melodies competing for attention
Imitation
same melody but each player/singer starts melody at a different time
Counterpoint
technique of combining several lines into a meaningful polyphonic whole
Form
organization of musical elements in time
ternary, binary
Ternary
ABA
ABA' (small changes)

Dance of the Reed Pipes - Tchaikovsky
Binary
AB
Conductor
beat time and indicate pulse and tempo with baton
Concert Master
best violinist in orchestra, starts it off and sits immediately to left of conductor
Middle Ages (Medieval)
450-1450
Renaissance
1450-1600
Baroque
1600-1750
Classical
1750-1820
Romantic
1820-1900
Modern
1900 >