Music Final

Front 1

Antiphonal

Back 1

Performance style in which an ensemble is divided into two or more groups, performing in alternation and then together

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Aria

Back 2

Lyric song for solo voice with orchestral accompaninat ,generally expressing intense emotion; found in opera, cantat, oratorio

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Baroque

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17th and 18th century ...ivaldi, bach , handel

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Basso Continuo

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Italian for "continuos bass: also refers to performance group wtih a bass, chordal instrument, and one bass melody intrument

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Bebop

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Complex jazz style developed in the 1940's

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Cadenza

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Virtuosic solo passage in the manner of an improvsation, performed near the end of an aria or movement of a concerto

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Canon

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Type of polyphonic composition in which one musical line stictyl imitates another at a fixed distance throughout

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Castrato

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Male singer who was castratd during boyhood to perserve the soprano or alto vocal register , prominant in 17th and early 18th century opera

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Chromaticism

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a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale.

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Concerto

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Intrumenatal genre in several movements for solo intsrument and orchestra

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Counter Reformation

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A reform movemtn within the roman catholic church that began in the mid 16th centruy in reaction the protetant reformation

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Counteroint

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The art of combining in a single texture two or more melodic lines

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Diegetic

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Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film:

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Dissonance

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COmbination of tones that sounds discordant and unstable , in need of resultion

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Empfindsamkeit

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German "sensative" style of the mid 18th centurty charatarized by melodic directness and hompphonic texture

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Florentine Camerata

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The Florentine Camerata were an important group of musical amateurs who met to discuss literature, science and the arts.

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Fugue

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Polyphonic form popular in the baroque era in which one more themes are developed by imitative counterpoint

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Galant

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The galant style was a movement in music, visual arts and literature which was popular in the middle of the 18th century France and in Germany

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Homophony

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texture with rincicpal melody and accompanying harmony, as distince from poluphony

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Imitation

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Melodic idea presented in one coice and then restatd in another each part continiuing as others enters

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Impressario

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a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas.

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Leitmotiv

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is a "short, constantly recurring musical phrase"[1] associated with a particular person, place, or idea. It is closely related to the musical concepts of idée fixe or motto-theme

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Libretto

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Text or script of an opera, oratorio, cantata, or musical "book" in a musical

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Lied

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German song most commonly associatied with solo are song of the 19th cintury , usually accompanied by the piano

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Liturgical

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originated as a part of religious ceremony, and includes a number of traditions, both ancient and modern

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Monophony

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Singline line texture melody without an accompanient

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Motive

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Short melodic or rythmic idea; the smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic harmonic rhythimic unit

Front 28

Nationalism

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refers to the use of musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity, such as folk tunes and melodies, rhythms, and harmonies inspired by them.

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Nondiegetic

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Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action:

* narrator's commentary
* sound effects which is added for the dramatic effect
* mood music

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Opera buffa

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Italian comic opera, sung throught

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Opera Seria

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Tragic Italian Opera

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Organum

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Earliest kind of polyphonic music , which developed from the custom of adding coices above plainchant; they first ran parralel to it at the interval of a fifth or fourth and later moved more freely

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Ostinato

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A short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern that is repeated throughout a work or a section of one

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Overture

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An introductory movement as in an opera or oratorio often presenting melodies from arias to come

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Polyphony

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Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture , as distinct from monophonic.

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Program music

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Intrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations , espeicialy opular in the 19th century

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Protestant Reformation

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often referred to simply as the Reformation, was the schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestant Reformers.

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Recictative

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Solo vocal declamation that follows the inflections of the text often resulting in a disjunct vocal style found in opera, cantata, and oratorio

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Romanticsm

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Three characteristics of romanticism:
Emphasis on emotion and intuition, rather than logic.
Appreciation of nature
Taste for the supernatural

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Serialism

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Method of componsition in which various musical elements (pitch, rhythm,dynamics,tone color,) may ne ordered in a fixed series

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Symphonic Poem

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One movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea suggests a scene o created a mood , generally associated with the romantic era

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Verismo

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Operatic "realism" a style popular in Italy in the 1890's which tried to bring naturalism into the lyric theatre