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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the first song that sold over 1 million copies of sheet music.
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"After the Ball" - 1882
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How can you become a better songwriter?
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read philosophy, co-write with someone better, network, and practice
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How do songwriters make money?
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royalty stream and ownership of copyright
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How do music publishers make money?
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royalty stream and ownership of copyright
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List the types of music publishers and their differences.
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Major (100% owned by Mega)
Indie Specialty (appeals to niche) Foreign Vanity |
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Where and what was tin pan alley?
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New York
Book publisher turned into music publishing company. |
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Define the following:
Mechanical License Performance "blanket" License Sync License Transcription License Foreign License |
Mech. Lic.
For reproduction and distribution Perf. Lic. For public performances or broadcast Sync Lic. For film, TV, video Transcription Lic. COmbination of mech/blanket licenses. Used for Muzak. Foreign Lic. For use overseas |
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Who is the NMPA?
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National Music Publishing Association
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Who are ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC?
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Performing rights organizations
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Who does the Harry Fox Agency represent?
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Music publishers
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When can you recapture a copyright?
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35-40 years
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Name three types of businesses.
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Sole Proprietership
Partnership Corporation |
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What do you need to start a music publishing company?
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Register with a P.R.O.
Obtain a federal tax number |
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What is the most important thing you will need to become successful as a music publishing company?
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good songs
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Explain how a multiple is used to determine the value os a publishing company.
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A multiple is negotiated by the catalog's worth to determine the value of the publishing company.
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List the 5 types of songwriting publishing deals.
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Work for Hire
Staff Shark Co-Publishing Sub-Publishing |
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Who is the SGA?
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The Songwriter's Guild of America
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How are mechanical license royalties determined in foreign countries?
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Foreign P.R.O.'s
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How do ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC collect money/pay their writers and publishers?
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They use charts, BDS, and analyze radio airplay to determine their fees.
Money is paid directly to songwriters/publishers. |
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In the US, what business is exempt from being issued public performance licenses?
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small restaurants, businesses, and hotels
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How are public performances monitored?
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The BDS System
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Is sampling a copyright infringement?
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Yes, if royalties are not paid to the original songwriter.
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Which performing rights organization is a for-profit?
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SESAC
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What license does a live performance of a non-dramatic song require?
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Performance "blanket" license
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Describe the procedure for paying songwriters and publishers mechanical royalties.
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Label pays Harry Fox Agency
HF Agency pays the Publisher The publisher pays songwriter |
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Describe the procedure for paying soungwriters and publishers performance royalties.
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Venue pays the PRO
The PRO pays the songwriter and publisher directly. |
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Performance royalties are collected from?
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Radio, businesses, venues, and digital transmission
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Sync royalties are collected from?
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Film, plays, TV networks
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Mechanical royalties are collected from?
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Music Labels
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How does the Fairness in Music Act affect songwriters/publishers?
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They do not earn royalties if their songs are played in small businesses.
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Foreign royalties are often paid at what percentage of American rates?
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The rate varies
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How many PRO's can you belong to at once?
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one
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What is the advantage of owning your own publishing company?
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You can negotiate Co-Publishing and Sub-Publishing deals.
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Explain the effects of the controlled composition clause's use to the label and major artists.
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If the artist is a writer or co-writer of a song, the Label only pays 75% of the statutory rate.
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What does Soundcan do?
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It analyzes CD sales.
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What is the BDS system?
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a computer that scans radio for song plays
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List the 5 mega entertainment corporations and their host countries.
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Bertelsmann - Germany
Sony - Japan EMI - England Time Warner - USA Universal - French |
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What is the Mega Entertainment Corporations' organizational structure of divisions?
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Distribution
Promotion/Publicity Media Entertainment Production |
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What gives the mega's their power for economic success?
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Worldwide distribution, promotion, and publicity
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What is the biggest threat to the structure of the music industry and their parent corporations?
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The internet and downloads
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How are the megas responding tio the threat of internet downloads?
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They are beginning to use the internet as a tool to distribute, promote, and publicize their products.
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List the 2 companies that could become the 6th and 7th mega corporations.
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Dreamworks, Disney
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Who invented the first recording devices, film cameras?
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Thomas Edison
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Explain the company structure of a typical record label.
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A&R
Development Promotion/Publicity Marketing/Distribution |
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List the five things labels must do to be successful.
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1.Find and sign talent
2.Record 3.Promote 4.Publicize 5.Distribute |
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List the 5 types of labels.
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Independent
Major Affiliated VR Internet Cell Phones |
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What are the three areas of Development?
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Creative
Artist Product |
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List 5 types of recording deals.
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Development
Shark Major Independent Vanity |
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What is the Controlled Composition Clause rate?
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75% of the statutory rate
0.06825 cents |
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What is the Formula Amount?
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It refers to increased advances with each option.
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What are the "All In's"?
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Expenses that are 100% recoupable from the artist's account
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What are free goods?
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CDs that are given away to stimulate retail sales.
Up to 25% of CD pressed can be given away as free goods. |
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Name and explain the three stages of the recording session.
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Basic tracks
Overdubs Mixdown |
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Name 5 types of recording sessions.
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Master
Limited Pressing (LP) Low Budget Demo "Right to Work" |
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Explain cross-collateralization.
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The profits from the current recording pay for the debt of a previous recording
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What is promotion?
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Promotion is giving free samples of a product, such as radio airplay.
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What is Publicity?
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Publicity is telling people about your product and why they should buy it. It is usually based on image, such as magazine articles.
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Name the 7 types of distribution to retail.
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Rackjobbers
One Stop Internet Cell phones Record Clubs Mass Merchandisers TV |
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Explain the 40/20/40 of the SRLP in the price structure of labels and products.
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40% to Labels
20% to Distributor 40% to retail outlet |
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How much should you budget in your recording contract for promotion?
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100-200% of the recording budget
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How much should you budget in your recording contract for publicity?
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50-100% of the recording budget
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List and explain the 4 P's pf marketing as related to the music business.
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Product
Price Placement Promotion/Publicity |
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What are the legal requirements for artist management?
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there are none
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What percent of the artist's gross income do managers usually make?
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15-25%
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Explain the power of attorney agreement.
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The artist's manager can sign legal documents in place of the artist.
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Who hires the manager?
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the artist
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How do concert promoters make money?
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They make money from ticket sales.
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What agency licenses talent agents of actors, radio personalities, and talk show hosts?
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American Federation of Musicians (AFofM)
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What percent of the concert hall needs to be sold for a promoter to "break even"?
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80%
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What is a rider?
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instructions given to a venue detailing the artist's needs for the concert
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What is public relations?
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PR is used to clean up a negative image (bad publicity)
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What will managers not do as part of their job description?
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find employment for an artist
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When an artist and manager split before the end of the contract, how is the manager paid for the remainder of the original agreement?
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declining commissions on artist royalties
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Why do record labels support concert tours?
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Tours help to build the artist's image and stimulate retail sales.
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Who is Clear Channel?
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An entertainment corporation that owns about 10% of radio and TV stations.
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Explain the business model of radio stations.
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Radio stations sell airtime to advertisers and has no apparent cost to the consumer.
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How much money is in merchandising?
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about 15-35% of gross income
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Who is IATSE?
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a union for "techies" and road crew
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What is the key supportive "property value item" that allows the business and creative systems in the entertainment industry to exist?
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Copyright
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