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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are some words that would best describe the Baroque period?
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emotionality
exaggeration extravagence |
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There was more control over _________ in the Baroque period
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form
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The baroque time period demonstrated the duality between what?
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freedom in expression and clarity and control
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what is monody?
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a single melody over a simple accompaniment. The development of monody at the begginning of the Baroque era made the creation of opera possible.
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what is basso continuo?
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New style of accompaniment developed around the beginning of the Baroque Era. This is the performing ensemble or solo instrument that realises a figured bass. Originally, the continuo might have been one instrument such as a harpsichord or a lute, but it quickly evolved into a two-instrument ensemble that most frequently featured a harpsichord and some sort of bass instrument
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what is a recitative?
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a singing pattern developed during the Barouque era that is closer to normal speech patterns, which allows the story in an opera or oratorio to unfold at a much faster pace. Eventually, two types of recitative were created: secco (dry), with a very basic accompaniment usually played on the harpsichord, and accompangnato, in whihc the singer still had a lot of words but the composer wrote out a more elaborate accompaniment for the orchesta.
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what is an aria?
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Popular solo vocal style of whihc there are several different types including da capo (ABA) and strophic (same melody over and over). Common in operas, oratoris, and cantatas among many other forms.
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what are some characteristics of an aria?
M A C M O M S |
music comes to a stand still
actor focuses on self clear beat and meter more melodic orchestral accompaninemtn more about music solo that stays very same |
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What are some characteristics of a recitative?
S P A A M |
speech patterns more free
pitches follow natural pattern accomp. is different from an aria action is advancing rapidly more about action |
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What is the ground bass?
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the ground bass plays ten notes
this descending line of bass was a way for composers to show that opera characters were sad |
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Who is Bach?
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He was the most important baroque composer. He composed many works, sometimes wrote on butcher paper.
read more information about him on PG 77 to incorporate into test |
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Where did Bach work when he was teaching boys music?
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Lipsig
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What were the four highlighted statements in Bach's contract that we covered in class?
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1. set a good example for the boys
(2) admit no boys into school who had no aptitude for music (3) music shouldn't be too long (4) insight hearers to devotion |
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what is a fugue?
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Multiple voiced texture used in both instrumental and vocal compositions. Main compoent s are the exposition, which includes the subject, answer, and countersubject(s), followed by contrasting episodes and subsequent statements of full subject.
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what is a cantata?
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early works were sacred or secular solo vocal works accompannied by lute or basso continuo. During the second half of the Baroque era, JS Bach raised the level of composition and overal scope of his sacred cantatas to the point where they have actually been referred to as short oratorios. Bach made use of impressive contrapuntal writing for both voices and orchesta, and he also incorporated operatic style arias, duets, and recitatives. All of his sacred cantatas are written for solo voices, chorus, and orchestral accompaniment with basso continuo, and many of them are based on pre-existing hymn tune, which usally show up writeen as a four part chorale in the last movement
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what is an oratorio?
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like an opera, but with a sacred topic no set, no customs, or drama. does have arias and resatives
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who were the most important composers of the Classical Period?
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Hayden
Mozart Beethoven |
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What does a string quartet consist of?
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musical ensemble of four string instruments—usually two violins, a viola and cello—or a piece written to be performed by such a group. The string quartet is one of the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music.
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Where was Franz Joesph Hayden born?
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In Austria
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What was Hayden original draw to music?
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he was a choirboy in a choir
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Who did Hayden take a job with?
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the Ester Housing Family
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What was Hayden's boss like?
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he was a supporter of the arts
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Although Hayden became the head of the empire of the Ester Hausing family, he was still considereda ________.
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servant
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Hayden mainly worked for the Hayden Family until....
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he died.
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Why wasn't Hayden very well known?
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Because he was stuck in his estate
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What was the Florentine Camerata?
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an informal group of writers, artists, philosophers and musicians that met in the home of Count Giovanni de Bardi
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Who were some of the members of the Florentine Camerata?
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Giulio Caccini
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What is a figured bass?
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with the adopiton of the major/minor tonal system a style of musical short hand quickly developed called figured bass. In this system, the bass line would be writeen out along with numbers and musical sysmbols to indicate what otes the harpsichord was to play above the bass. The actual accompaniment would be improvised, or realized, during the performance according t the standard styles of the day.
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What is Caccini normally credited with?
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the creation of monody, which is best defined as a simple melody of a simple accompaniment
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When was Caccini around?
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1545-1618
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What did Caccini do?
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He was part of the Florentine Camerata, they basically created the first operas
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What is Caccini also credited with?
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developing the recitative, which is a singing pattern closer to speech that allowed drama to unfold at a faster pace
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What was the Floretine Camerata trying to do with operas?
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imitate greek dramas
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what is an aria?
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the popular solo vocal style of which there are several different types including da capo (ABA) and strophic (same melody over and over).
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Who is Monteverdi?
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Montverdi is a baroque composer whose work bridges the renaissance and the baroque periods in music
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What are Monteverdi's later compostions based on?
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monodony, with a basso continuo accompaniment
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What were some of Moteverdi's popular wors?
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L'Orfeo and L'incornazione di Poppea
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What is L'Orfeo?
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a popular opera written by Monteverdi
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What were the plots of operas originally based on?
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historical figures or mythology
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What is Purcell frequently referred to as?
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as the last great English composer until the twentith century
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What opera did Purcell write?
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Dido and Aeneas
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What is so great about Dido and Aeneas?
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cnsidered the first great opera written in the English language
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Who was Purcell?
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He was one of the King's musicians, and young Henry quickly entered the family business
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What did Purcell start off as?
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At 18 , he was tuning the organ at Westminister Abbey, and a few years later he was replaced by John Blow as organist
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What was Purcell a master of?
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writing ground bass
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What is the story of Dido and Aeneas?
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Dido must release her true love so that he may travel to italy
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What is the well tempered clavier?
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it is one of bach's most famous prelude and fugue sets from one of his most famous teaching works
after its use of a teaching piece, it was used a simple collection of beautiful music |
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what is a prelude?
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A prelude is a short piece of music, usually in no particular internal form, which may serve as an introduction to succeeding movements of a work that are usually longer and more complex. It generally features a single rhythmic and melodic motif that is used in every measure throughout the piece. Stylistically, the prelude is improvisatory in nature
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How was the solo concerto presented?
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as a three movement slow-fast arrangement.
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What does the solo concerto consist of?
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the double exposition and the cadenza
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who was considered more cosmopolitian: handel or bach?
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handel
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Where was Handel trained and what type of person was he?
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he was trained in italy and he was german
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Who was better known throughout europe: bach or handel.
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handel
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What was one of handel's most popular pieces?
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an oratorio titled "messiah"
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what era did handel write music in?
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the baroque
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what is a concerto grosso?
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similar to a solo concerto, but it features a small group of instrumennts against the full orchestra. Popular format throughout the baroque
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what is sonata form?
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one movement structure that must have an exposition, a development, anda recapitulation. In edition it can also have an intro and a coda
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what is a sonata--allegro form?
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Because the first movemnet of almost every sonata cycle is fast, the first movemnet is frequently called this
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What era is Vivaldi from?
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the Baroque
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what was vivaldi's nickname?
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"the red priest"
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who did Vivaldi teach?
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orphaned girls
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What is the four seasons?
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a series of four individual three-movement concertos for violin and chamber orchestra
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What was the Four Seasons based on?
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Poems by Vavaldi abour the seasons
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what is ritornello?
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n Baroque music, ritornello was the word for a recurring passage for orchestra in the first or final movement of a solo concerto or aria (also in works for chorus).
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what is the classical period?
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it encompasses the careers of Haydn, Mozart, and Beetoven
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When was the classical period?
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1750-1825
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what is the enlightenment?
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The term can more narrowly refer to the intellectual movement of The Enlightenment, which advocated reason as the primary basis of authority. Developed in France, Britain and Germany, it influenced the whole of Europe including Russia and Scandinavia. The era is marked politically by governmental consolidation, nation creation, greater rights for the common people, and a diminuation of the influence of authoritarian institutions such as the nobilities role and power.
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This timeframe is also sometimes coined "the age of reason" or "enlightement"
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what is the classical era
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what is the age of reason?
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The Age of Reason: Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology, a deistic treatise written by eighteenth-century British radical and American revolutionary Thomas Paine, critiques institutionalized religion and challenges the inerrancy of the Bible.
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who is Haydn?
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a classical compososer important to the classical era
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who did Haydn work for?
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the Esterhazy family
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what was Haydn before he was made a well loved servant of the family?
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a composer
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when was haydn around?
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1732-1809
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what happened once when the family went out too long in the fields and brought haydn's musicians?
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they blew out the candles as if to say they wanted to go home
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when was mozart around?
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1756-1791
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why was mozart considered a child prodigy?
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he learned to play piano at three, by five he wrote his first composition, first symphony by age nine, and first opera by twelve
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where was mozart born?
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Austria
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what is the minuet?
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a 3/4 waltz styled dance
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when were trios used?
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in order to create a softer sound
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what is the format of a minuet?
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A-B-A
A-BA |
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What is the format of a trio?
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C-D-C
C-DC |
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What is tenary form?
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a three part form
such as C-D-C |
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What is a rounded binary?
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two part form
such as C-DC |
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what is Theme and Variations form?
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pretty simple:
play a theme, then create variations on this theme |
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what are some variation techniques?
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changing the accompaniment, changing the rhythm, varying the melodic shape, and changing the melody and harmony from a major to a minor
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what is a piano concerto?
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As the piano developed and became accepted, composers naturally started writing concerti for it. This happened in the 18th century, and so corresponded to the Classical music era. The most important composer in the development of the form in these early stages was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's body of masterly piano concerti put his stamp firmly on the genre well into the Romantic era.
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what are the movements of a piano concerto?
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A classical piano concerto is often in three movements:
1. A quick opening movement in sonata form including a cadenza (which may be improvised by the soloist). 2. A slow movement 3. A lively finale in rondo or sonata form |
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what is the technical term for the song "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik"?
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a serenade
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who wrote Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, ?
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mozart
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what kind of form is Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, in?
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minuet and trio
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what is Eine Kleine Nachtmusik a sernade to?
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the night, seen as background music or party music, ect.
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what is the marriage of figaro?
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a opera written by mozart
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what was so different about the marriage of figarro
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it was said to poke fun at the noble class and to have revolutionary overtones
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what was farenillis real name?
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Carlo Broschi (Farinelli)
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what was farenilli's brother's name?
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Riccardo Broschi
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Who was Farenilli's "enemy"?
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Handel
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what is a solo suite?
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solo, means alone
suite means In music, a suite is an organized set of instrumental or orchestral pieces normally performed at a single sitting, as a separate musical performance, not accompanying an opera, ballet, or theater-piece. Bach performed a lot o therse |
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what is a prelude?
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A prelude is a short piece of music, usually in no particular internal form, which may serve as an introduction to succeeding movements of a work that are usually longer and more complex.
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