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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Liturgy?
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The set order of the church services and to the structure of each service.
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Gregorian Chant (a.k.a "Plainchant" or "Plainsong") is...
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Church or sacred music that consists of a single-line melody. It is monophonic in texture, and lacks harmony and counterpoint.
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Syllabic is...
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One note sung to each syllable of text.
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Neumatic is...
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Five or six notes sung to a syllable of text.
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Mellismatic is...
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Long groups of notes set to a single syllable of text.
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What are Nuemes?
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Little ascending and descending symbols that were written about words to suggest the contours of melody.
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What is a Mass?
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The most solemn ritual of the Catholic Church, and the one generally attended by public worshipers. The reenactments of Jesus Christ.
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What is Proper?
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Texts that vary from day to day throughout the church year.
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What is Ordinary?
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Texts that remains the same in every mass.
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What is Organum?
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Harmonized chant that is the earliest polyphonic music.
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Parallel Motion is...
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Two lines moving together in the same motion.
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Contrary Motion is...
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Voices moving opposite of each other.
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Oblique Motion is...
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One static droning on. One voice is static while the other is moving.
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Motet is...
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Writing new texts for the previously text-less upper voices of organum. A four voice harmony with alternating texture.
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"Renaissance" means...
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"Rebirth" - The rebirth of the ideas from the Classical Era.
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How long did the Renaissance last?
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1450 - 1600
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How long did the Middle Ages last?
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476 - 1450
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What kind of texture does Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria Virgo (Rejoice Virgin Mary) have?
Monophonic? Polyphonic? Consonant? Conjunct? (Listen to the actual song and explain your answer.) |
Polyphonic
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The style of singing the text in each vocal part of the Gaude Maria Virgo is:
Syllabic? Melismatic? Neumatic? Direct? (Listen to the actual song and explain your answer.) |
Melismatic
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Which voice part in this organum is singing the older Gregorian chant (cantus firmus) in Gaude Maria Virgo?
The Highest? The Lowest? None of them? (Listen to the actual song and explain your answer.) |
The lowest.
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Which best describes the rhythmic treatment in Gaude Maria virgo?
Nonmetric? Duple Meter? In a rhythmic mode? Syncopated? (Listen to the actual song and explain your answer.) |
In a rhythmic mode.
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The phrase heard in Gaude Maria virgo excerpt ends with a ____________.
Cadence? Coda? Conjunct? Comma? |
Cadence.
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The three voices singing together at the same time in Gaude Maria Virgo excerpt form vertical sonorities, called ___________.
Choir? Ternary Form? Conjunct? Chord? |
Chords.
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Cantus Firmus is...
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A fixed melody; which serves as the basis for ornamentation in other voices. Taking chants and using them as underlying structures in songs.
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What was the Council of Trent?
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The longest committee meeting in history that the Catholic Church organized.
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What is Vernacular?
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The language of the people.
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Troubadours/Trobairitz are...
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Musicians who lived in the Southern region of France.
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Trovuerez are...
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Musicians who lived in the Northern region of France.
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Minnisingers are...
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Musicians (or composers) in Germany. Singers of courtly love.
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Ars Nova is...
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"New Art" - Changes of musical style whichspanned between the 14th and 15th century primarily in France. This period saw the invention of modern notation and the growth in popularity of the motet. Birth of Organum.
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Ars Antiqua is...
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"Old Art" - Spanned from 1100-1300 in France. It began at the Cathedral de Notre Dame in Paris and emerged from the Gregorian Chant. Birth of Round.
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What are the three Poetic Forms?
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Rondeau, Ballade and Virelai.
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"Bas" is...
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Soft instruments that are played indoors.
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"Haut" is...
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Loud instruments that are played outdoors.
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Who was Hildegard Von Bingen?
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German nun, poet, and composer. Revered as a visionary during her own lifetime. Her style of music resembles Gregorian Chant but is full of expressive leaps and melismas.
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Who was Machaut?
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He was a poet-composer of the French Ars Nova who wrote sacred and secular music. His poetry embraces the ideals of medieval chivalry.
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Who is John Farmer?
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An English composer who created four voice madrigals. He used clever word paintings in his light-heated works and helped shaped the madrigal into a truly native form.
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Who is Arcadelt
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A French composer who wrote secular and sacred music. His musical simple and lyrical and he gives attention to the text.
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What are a Chansons?
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Any lyric-driven French song, usually polyphonic and secular.
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What is Madrigal?
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Aristocratic form of poetry and music that the Italians courts as a favorite diversion of cultivated amateurs.
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What is Word Painting?
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Making the music directly reflect the meaning of the words.
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An Opera is...
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A large scale drama that is SECULAR. Has SINGING, DRAMA, ACTORS, SCENERY, and COSTUMES. It is performed in a THEATRE.
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What is Patronage?
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Sponsorship of the church or aristocracy.
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What is Recitative?
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A musical declamation, vocal style, or speech in Opera when the plot and are generally advanced through.
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Aria is...
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Italian for "Air"; When Recitatives gives way at lyric moments which releases through melody the emotional tension accumulated in the course of the action.
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Da Capo Aria is...
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A ternary form that brings back the first section with embellishments improvised by the soloist.
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Overture is...
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Instrumental number heard at the beginning of most operas, which may introduce melodies from the arias.
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Ground Bass
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A repeated phrase that descends along the chromatic scale, always symbolic of grief in Baroque music.
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Cantata
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Written for the Lutheran church service. They have NO DRAMA, NO CHARACTERS, and IS SACRED. Also are MULTIMOVEMENT WORKS with SOLO ARIAS, RECITATIVES and CHORUSES all with ORCHESTRAL ACCOMPANIMENT.
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Oratorios
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Large-scale dramatic genre with a SACRED TEXT, performed by SOLO VOICES, CHORUS, and ORCHESTRA. NO COSTUMES, NO SCENERY, NOT STAGED. Based on BIBLICAL STORIES and performed in a CHURCH or HALL.
Ex: "Messiah" - Handel |
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Ritornello
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An energetic instrumental idea that unifies the movement recurring several times between the vocal statements of the chorale.
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Johann Sebastian Bach
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German-born composer who was heir to the polyphonic art of the past. He is a culminating figure of the Baroque style and one of the giants in the history of music.
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Handel
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A German-born composer who embodied the worldliness of the late Baroque Era. He is known for his Oratorios ("Messiah"), concertos, and his Water Music.
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Rondo
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A five part structure that is unified by the repetitions of the opening recurring theme (Ritornello).
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Ritornello
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A recurring theme set against several contrasting sections.
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Concerto Grosso
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A form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the concertino) and full orchestra (the ripieno or tutti).
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Concertino
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Small group of instruments
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Tutti (Ripieno)
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Large group of instruments.
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Antonio Vivaldi
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Italian born composer who was one of the most prolific of his era. He wrote much chamber music and numerous opera, as well as cantatas, and an oratorio.
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Program Music
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A line of the poem, that is printed above a certain passage in the score; the music graphically mirrors the action described.
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Fugue
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A contrapuntal composition in which a single theme pervades the entire fabric, entering in one voice (or instrumental line) and then in another.
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Subject
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What constitutes the unifying idea, the focal point of interest in the contrapuntal web.
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Exposition
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when the theme has been presented in each voice once.
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The "answer"...
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When the subject of the fugue is imitated in another voice.
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Opera Seria is...
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Serious Itialian-texted opera with heroic or tragic subject.
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Opera Buffa
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Realistic style of Italian comic opera.
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Episodes
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Interludes that serves as areas of relaxation-until it reaches its home key.
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Augmentation
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A melody that is presented in longer line values, often twice as slow as the original.
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Diminution
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A melody presented on shorter time values that go by faster.
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Retrograde
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Pitches that can be stated backwards.
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Inversion
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Pitches that move by the same intervals but in the opposite direction.
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Stretto
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Overlapping statements of the subject that heighten the tension.
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Camerata
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A group of Florentine writers, artists, and musicians.
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Figured Bass
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A numeral that is written above or below the bass note to indicate what chord is required.
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Basso Continuo
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A system often employed by two instrumentalist for the accompaniment. The bass line was played by a SUSTAINING LOW-PITCH INSTRUMENT, typically 'cello or bassoon.
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Doctrine of Affections
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An entire piece or movement that is built on a single affection.
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Castrato
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A male singer who was castrated during boyhood in order to preserve the soprano or alto register of his voice for the rest of his life.
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Libretto
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The text or script of the opera.
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Italian Madrigal vs English Madrigal
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Italian Madrigals were emotional and serious. English Madrigals were humorous and light hearted.
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Florentine Camerata
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Was a group of humanists, musicians, poets and intellectuals in late Renaissance Florence.
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A Dance Suite is...
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A musical work for a court festivity. Forms were very simple. Music was functional so people could follow and dance to it.
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Which statement about the Notre Dame School is NOT true?
a) Pérotin and Machaut are two of the main composers. b) Composers there wrote some of the earliest examples of polyphony, called organum. c) The first book containing compositions by composers of this school is called the Magnus liber organi. |
a) Pérotin and Machaut are two of the main composers.
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The medieval motet can have a combination of sacred and secular texts. True or False?
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True - The medieval motet can have a combination of sacred and secular texts.
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