Music Appreciation

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Sound

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Vibrations that are transmitted usually through air to the eardrum which sends impulses to the brain

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Accelerando

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Becoming faster

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A cappella

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Choral music without instrumental accompaniment

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Accent

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Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder,longer,or higher in pitch than the notes near it

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Beat

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Regular,recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time

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Bass

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Male voice of low range

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Climax

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Highest tone or emotional focal point in a melody or a larger musical composition

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Complete cadence

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Definite reading place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phase in a melody

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Consonance

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Tone combination that is stable and restful

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Contrast

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Striking differences of pitch, dynamics,rhythm,and tempo that provide variety and change of mood

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Chords

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combination of three or more tones sounded at once

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Church mode

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Like major or minor scales, seven different tones and an eighth tone that duplicates the first an octave higher, their patterns of whole and half steps are different

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Crescendo

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Gradually louder

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Chromatic scale

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Scale including all twelve tones of the octave , each tone is a half step away from the next one

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Counterpoint

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Technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole

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Interval

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The distance in pitch between any two tones

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Octave

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When tones are separated by the interval , they sound very much alike

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Pitch range or range

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The distance between the lowest and highest tones that voice or instruments can produce

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Dynamic

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Degrees of loudness and softness in music

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Tone color or timbre

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Is described by words such as bright,dark,brilliant,mellow,and rich

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Improvisation

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The term used for music created at the same time it's played

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Register

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Part of the total range of an instrument or voice. The tone color of the instrument or voice may vary with the ..... in which the is played or sung

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Double stop

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Two notes at once

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Vibrato

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The string player can produce a throbbing, expressive tone by rocking the left hand while pressing the string down.

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Mute

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The musician can veil or muffle the tone by fitting a clamp (mute) onto the bridge

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Tremolo

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The musician rapidly repeats tones by quick up and down strokes of the bow

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Harmonics

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Very high pitched tones, like a whistles, are produced when the musician lightly touches certain points on the string

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Pizzicato

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Plucked string

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Arco

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Playing with a bow like a violin

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Theme

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Ian a melody used for the basis for a musical composition

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Variations

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Varied repetitions of the theme

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Rhythm

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Is the flow of music through time

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Meter

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Organization of beats into regular groups

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Measure

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A group containing a fixed number of beats

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Duple meter

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When a measure has 2 beats in a measure

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Downbeat

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The first, or stressed, beat of the measure

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Syncopation

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When an accented note comes where we normally would not expect one

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Tempo

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The speed of the beat. The basic pace of the music

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Tempo indication

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Usually given at the beginning of apiece

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Ritardando

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Becoming slower

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Metronome

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An apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired musical speed

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Note

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Is an oval

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Staff

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A set of five horizontal lines

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Ledger lines

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If a pitch falls above or below the range indicated by the staff,short,horizontal

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Sharp sign

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#

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Flat sign

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b

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Clef

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Placed at the beginning of a staff to show the pitch of each line and space

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Treble clef

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Used for relatively high ranges

Hint 48

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Bass clef

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Used relatively low ranges

Hint 49

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Grand staff

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A combination of the treble and bass staves

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Time signature

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Shows the meter of a piece

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Score

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Shows the music for each instrumental or vocal category in a performance group

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Melody

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Is a series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole

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Steps

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A melody moves by small intervals

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Leaps

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Melody moves by larger intervals

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Legato

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Are sung or played in a smooth, connected style

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Staccato

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May be performed in a short, detached manner

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Phrases

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Many melodies are made up of shorter parts

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Sequence

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A repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch

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Word painting

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The musical representation of specific poetic images

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Strophic form

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Repeating the same music for each stanza of a poem

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Through composed form

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Writing new music for each stanza

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Harmony

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The way chords are constructed and how they followed each other

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Progression

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As a melody unfolds,it provides clues for harmonizing ,but it does not always dictate a specific series, or...

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Dissonance

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A tone combination that is unstable

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Resolution

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A dissonance has it when it moves to a consonance

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Triad

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The simplest and most basic chord

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Tonic chord

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A Triad built on the first, or tonic, note of a scale

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Dominant chord

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The Triad built on the fifth note of the scale is next importance to tonic

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Cadence

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A progression from dominant chord to tonic chord, meaning both the resting point at the end of a melodic phrase and a chord progression that gives a sense of conclusion

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Broken chord or arpeggio

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When the individual tones of a chord are sounded one after the another

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Keynote or tonic

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The central tone,

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Key

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Involves not only a central tone but also a central scale and chord

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Scale

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Is made up of the basic pitches of a piece of music arranged in order from low to high or high to low

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Tonality

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Another term for key

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Major scale

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Do re mi fa sol la ti do, has two kinds of intervals in a specific pattern half step and whole step

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Half step

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Is the smallest interval traditionally used in western music

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Whole step

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Is twice as large as a half step

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Key signature

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Need context to determine the key pieces

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Modulation

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Shifting from one key to another within the same piece

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Tonic or home key

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No matter how often a piece changes key there's usually one main key

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Musical texture

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Refers to how many different layers of sound are heard at once or what kind of layers they are and how they are related to each other

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Monophonic

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Having one sound

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Unison

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Performance of a single melodic line at the same pitch by more than one instrument or voice is playing or singing results in a fuller richer surrounding one monophonic texture

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Polyphonic

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Having many sounds

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Imitation

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Occurs when a Melody idea as presented by one voice or instrument and is then restated immediately by another

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Homophobic

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When we hear one main melody accompanied by chords

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Repetition

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Creates a sense of unity

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Three part form

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Aba can be represented as statement (A) contrast or departure (B) return(A)

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Style

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Refers to a characteristic way of using Melody Rhythm tone color Dynamics Harmony texture and form