Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is music?
|
music is organized sound
music is also organized silence |
|
|
why do we have music?
|
entertainment purpose
express ourselves |
|
|
what does sound move in?
|
waves
|
|
|
No electricity for centuries didn't allow people to have low frequency _________
|
sound
|
|
|
The longer string, the more _______ is going to be and the lower the ______________ is going to be.
|
air
frequency |
|
|
what is a double bass?
|
it looks like a cello
|
|
|
what is an upright double bass?
|
solved low frequency problem for composers who wanted bass
|
|
|
how did people make strings in the past?
|
out of dried guts
|
|
|
_______ didn't respons well as a rubber and and doesn't make a usable sound
|
gut
|
|
|
Until introduction of ________ strings bass was hard
|
metal
|
|
|
in the 17th century what was introduced?
|
metal stringed insturments
|
|
|
to play a double bass is extremely _________
|
difficult
|
|
|
why is it called a double bass?
|
doubled cello part of it
simply used for whole big nots |
|
|
In time of Betoweven what was used?
|
first double bass virtuoso
|
|
|
Realizing that double bass was worth something happened after the introduction of the _____________.
|
bass virtuoso
|
|
|
At the end of the civil war, suddenly the blues and jazz comes to the Mississippi.
Why? |
Old European instruments were being sold by the rich after the war, so frequently people found old bass and trumpets that they just used to jam
|
|
|
When did Big Band become populat?
|
the 1900s, it was an extension of jazz
|
|
|
Who invented the bass guitar
|
Leo Vender
|
|
|
How was the bass guitar invented?
|
bass on a guitar body and put magnet up to it to amplify the sound
|
|
|
What happened five seconds in the 1950s after the invention of the electric bass?
|
rock n roll
|
|
|
What are means?
|
the ways music is organized, way musical elements are used
|
|
|
what is music?
|
an organization of sounds
|
|
|
What are some elements of music?
|
rhythm
tone modality tone color dynamics |
|
|
What is an effect?
|
the mood the music gives you
|
|
|
Most people are _____________ of music/
|
passive listeners
|
|
|
How do we hear?
|
the A piano string vibrates back and forth 440 times a second
a string moves air molecules jostele each other at same freqyency to create air waves ear intercepts the air moleculew, which sets ear drum in motion, and vibrates at the same amount of time at 440 send to choclea which sends information to the brain |
|
|
What is the sound processing of the human ear?
|
composite shapes are translated into our brain, it is decoded in a way
|
|
|
Pitch A tends to be a __________ beat in all orchesta
|
beat
|
|
|
what is intination?
|
being right on the pitch
|
|
|
higher pitches create _________________.
|
faster vibrations
|
|
|
what is tone color?
|
the soundorous quailtiy of a particular voice or instrument, the character of a sound, the quality of a sound
|
|
|
Piano belongs to the _____________ family.
|
precussion
|
|
|
What belongs to the precussion family?
|
anything that has to be struck or hit
|
|
|
Before piano there was the __________.
|
harpsicorf
|
|
|
What do strings do?
|
vibrates to make noise
|
|
|
what do woodwinds do?
|
instruments that use air vibration:
clarinet oboe saxaphone a piece of wood on mouthpice |
|
|
what do brass do
|
vibrtation that comes from the lips
trumpet |
|
|
Tone color determined on the ______ and _______ of the sound.
|
attack
decay |
|
|
what is pitch?
|
the quality of highness or lowness of sound
|
|
|
A440 is a _________
|
pitch
|
|
|
Musical Alphabet goes _______ and keeps repeating itself
|
A to G
|
|
|
Music is based on _______ pitch and _______ pitch
|
definent
indefinent |
|
|
What are dynamics?
|
musical markings that indicate how loud or soft a pitch should be performed?
|
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
f |
forte=loud
|
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
ppp |
pianississimo
very very soft |
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
pp |
pianissimo
very soft |
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
p |
piano
soft |
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
mp |
mezzo piano
moderately soft |
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
mf |
mezzo forte
moderately loud |
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
ff |
fortissimo
very loud |
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
fff |
fortississimo
very very loud |
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
cresendo |
gradually gets louder
|
|
|
what does this dynamic mark indicate:
decresendo |
gradually gets softer
|
|
|
Stravinky's piece "Right of Spring" was in the movie...
|
Fantasia
|
|
|
brass sits behind ___________
|
woodwinds
|
|
|
violins are always off to conductor's _________.
|
left
|
|
|
Full Orchesta didn't come into being until the _____________.
|
romantic period
|
|
|
Baroque orchestra has mainly _________________.
|
strings & keyboard
|
|
|
Festive Baroque Orchestra has....
|
woodwinds
strings brass |
|
|
What is in the typical Romantic Orchesta?
|
violins
woodwinds brass percussion |
|
|
What types of woodwinds are in the Typical Romantic Orchestra?
|
oboe
picolo clarinet bass clarinet bassoon |
|
|
What type of brass is in the Typical Romantic Orchestra?
|
four french horns
2 trumpets 2 ttrombones |
|
|
What types of precussion is in the Typical Romantic Orchesta?
|
3 tipani
snare rum bass drum |
|
|
What is the physical differentce between a viola and violin?
|
viola is a little bigger therefore makes lower sounds, whereas violin is smalleer than a viola so not as low of notes
|
|
|
what is a tipany?
|
kettle drum with huge kettle underneat
|
|
|
what is a steady beat?
|
recurring pulse in music
|
|
|
what is rhythm?
|
is the duration of sound in music
it usually lies in the steady beat of music takes place inside beat not as consistent as the steady beat |
|
|
what is meter?
|
recurring groupings of strong and weak beats
|
|
|
what is a strong beat?
|
has moves emphaiss or weight
meters can change through the course of a song |
|
|
what are duple meters?
|
2 or 4 count
|
|
|
what is a duple?
|
meters or groupings of songs in groups of 2 or 4
|
|
|
what is a truple?
|
meters in groupings of three, part of two main types of meters
|
|
|
what is a compound meter?
|
a mixture of a dupule and a truple
|
|
|
what is a tempo?
|
a fast and slow beat, can be fast, medium or slow
|
|
|
what kind of tempo is this:
vivace? |
fast
|
|
|
what kind of tempo is this:
presto |
2nd fastest
|
|
|
what kind of tempo is this:
allegro |
3rd fastest
|
|
|
what kind of tempo is this:
moderato |
4th fastest
|
|
|
what kind of tempo is this:
andante |
5th fastest
|
|
|
what kind of tempo is this:
adagio |
slow
|
|
|
what is a half step?
|
an awkward sounding type of note that goes from a white to a black key
|
|
|
How is a major modality arranged?
|
WS/WS/HS/WS/WS/WS/HS
|
|
|
How is a minor modality arranged?
|
WS/HS/WS/WS/HS/WS/WS
|
|
|
What is a modality?
|
an arrangement of whole steps and half steps
|
|
|
what is a melody?
|
the most important or prominent part of the music
|
|
|
what is harmony?
|
the vertical aspect of the music, happens when two or more sounds happen at the same time
|
|
|
what is dissonance?
|
used as an energy for composers, it adds tension to music
|
|
|
Not going back to C from C makes people feel _____
|
up in the air
|
|
|
tonality focuses on one ________, as long as the music gravitates toward the central pitch
|
pitch
|
|
|
___________ & _____________ tend to be used a lot in music in order to move forward
|
consonance and dissonance
|
|
|
what is texture?
|
a blend of various sounds
|
|
|
what is form?
|
shape of piece of music. form is organization of large sections of musical piece
|
|
|
the __________ varies depending on tempo
|
quarter note
|
|
|
what are some type of form?
|
Orando
ABA tornedo |
|
|
Historians studied music composoers wrote to see different forms. they discovered that some pieces were ___________.
|
similar
|
|
|
when were the middle ages?
|
476-1400
|
|
|
when was the fall of the roman empire?
|
476
|
|
|
everything was pretty barbaric in Europe in the middle ages. How?
|
fedual system
plague education and arts were in decline |
|
|
sometimes the middle ages are referred to as ....
|
the middle ages
|
|
|
Europeans were constantly....
|
invaded
|
|
|
there was a _______________ away from the absolute authority of the church
|
slow movemnet
|
|
|
the evolutionf _________ and music notation represent a huge leap forward in the making of music
|
plipahny
|
|
|
until music was reproduced, we couldn't produce any.......
|
other music
|
|
|
what is the "plain chant" also known as?
|
gregorian chant
|
|
|
The _________ was the primary patron of art and education and singles greatest preserver of western civ.
|
catholic church
|
|
|
by ______ the church had tac kled how to notate _______
|
1000
pitches |
|
|
church looked on only stronghold against....
|
barbarianism, irgnorance, and sin
|
|
|
what does monophonic mean?
|
the tone color of a group of voices singing same pitch at same time can be considered monophonic
refers to texture in music |
|
|
what is monophonic?
|
only has one pitch sounding at one time
|
|
|
Gregorian chants tend to have no....
|
steady beat
|
|
|
The term polyphonic implies a single line of music.
T or F? |
false
|
|
|
Chords are groups of notes that sound consonant or dissonant when played together.
T or F? |
true
|
|
|
Vibrato can give string instruments more of a "singing" quality to their tone.
T or F? |
true
|
|
|
Today the most common ensemble used in classical music is the symphony orchestra.
T or F? |
true
|
|
|
The term opus means work.
T or F? |
true
|
|
|
at most classical concerts it is considered acceptable to applaud whenever you feel like it.
T or F? |
false
|
|
|
Consonance is best defined as:
a. tones at rest b. tones that need to be resolved c. tones that sound good together d. tones that sound bad together e. none of the above. |
a. tones at rest
|
|
|
Dissonance is best defined as:
a. tones at rest b. tones that need to be resolved c. tones that sound good together d. tones that sound bad together e. none of the above. |
b. tones that need to be resolved
|
|
|
Most operas are:
a. really long b. grouped into individual acts c. performed in english d. full of dancing |
b. grouped into individual acts
|
|
|
Most symphony orchestras are made up of:
a. a large string section b. woodwinds c. brass d. percussion e. all of the above |
e. all of the above
|
|
|
Some of the most common keyboard instruments used in classical music include
a. pipe organ b. harpsichord c. piano. d. all of the above e. none of the above |
d. all of the above
|
|
|
To produce a tone to any _________ instrument the player places both lips into the mouthpiece and produces a buzzing vibration.
|
woodwinds
|
|
|
The tempo marking _________ indicates moderately fast.
|
moderato
|
|
|
____________ includes the basic beat and everything the musicians play in a given tempo.
|
rhythm
|
|
|
Any sound that has an identifiable __________, or simultaneous melodies weave together with different notes and rhythms
|
pitch
|
|
|
In music, we group sets of the basic beat together in something called a __________ or a _______.
|
measure
bar |
|
|
The most common instruments in the ______________ family of intrustmens incluide the flute, clarinet, oboe, and basson.
|
woodwind
|
|
|
List the names of four differnt instruments found in string section.
|
violins
harps violas pianos |
|
|
List the three building blocks of chords.
|
the tonic/dominant axis harmony:
(1) tonic (2) dominant (3) sub dominant |
|
|
list three different tempo markings and what those terms indicate.
|
grave-very slow
allegro-fast presto-very very fast |
|
|
List three different dynamic marking and what those terms indicate.
|
mezzo paino (mf) moderately soft
piano (p) soft cresendo - gradually louder |
|
|
When was the middle ages?
|
500-1450
|
|
|
when was the ranaissance
|
1450-1600
|
|
|
The mass text is divied into two sections called the proper and the ordinary.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
Most scholars agree that the earliest church music was monophonic.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
most scholars agree that the earliest church music was polyphonic.
true or false? |
false
|
|
|
Guillaume de Machaut is considered a minor composer from the 14th century.
true or false? |
false
|
|
|
Hildergard von Bingen founded a convent in Rupertsberg, Germany.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
early music from the middle ages is sometimes referred to as the ars nova.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
early music from the middle ages is sometime referred to as the ars antiqua.
true or false? |
FALSE
|
|
|
Machaut's Messe de Norte Fame is said to be the oldest polyphonic mass.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
Compared to sacred music during the middle ages, a great deal is known about the creation of secular music during the same timeframe.
true or false? |
false
|
|
|
Jonglars were lower class wandering minstrels.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
The most popular form of secular music during the middle ages was perfomred by a poet/muscians called:
(a) troubadours b. trouveres c. minnesingers d. janglars e. all of the above |
e. all of the above
|
|
|
This composer was the tenth child of a noble family and as such was promised church from childhood.
a. Hildgergard Von Bingen b. Leonin c. Machuat d. Moinot D'arras |
a. von Bingen
|
|
|
Leonin and Perotin were early composers of polyphonic music at the
a. Cathedreal of St. Mark b. Cathedral of St. Peter c. Notre Dame Cathedral d. Bob's Church of Middle Ages |
c. Notre Dame Cathedral
|
|
|
The term __________ was taken from a theoretical treatise by Phillippe dE vITRY.
|
ars nova
|
|
|
20th century composoer ___________ icluded the melody Ce Fu en mai in his composition "Nobilissma Visone"
|
Moinot D'arras
|
|
|
Phillipe de Vitre is credited with the creation of the ______________ motet.
|
isorhythmic
|
|
|
The concept of the _____________ or fixed song, became a regular feature in most polyphonic sacred compositns during the middle ages.
|
cantus firmus
|
|
|
Around 1272, an early historian known as _________ wrote the first important recorded history of Leonin and Perotin.
|
Anonymous IV
|
|
|
List the five sections of the mass ordinary
|
kyrie
gloria credo sanetus agnus dei |
|
|
list the three basic catergories of gregorian chant music
|
syllabic
neumantic melismatic |
|
|
On your listening CDS, how many verses does the sne ce fu en mei contain?
|
five
|
|
|
William Byrd composed a seres of over 100 sacred motets.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
Josquin Des Prez composed the secular song Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen.
true or false? |
false
|
|
|
In 1501, a man named Ottaviano Petrucci began music printing.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
Martin Luther led a religious movement during the renaissance that came to be called the protestant reormation.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
Johannas Ockeghem was a student of JS Bach.
true or false? |
false
|
|
|
Many of Palestrina's masses are said to be parody masses.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
Palestrina frequently made use of secular material in his sacred compositions.
true or false? |
false
|
|
|
most of dufay's secular works were for three independent oices sinigng poetry written in french.
true or false? |
false
|
|
|
Willian Byrd composed smaller intimate vocal works for use in private Catholic services in England.
true or false? |
true
|
|
|
What was the church governing council that considered banning music from mass?
|
the council of trent
|
|
|
WHat is composed of 104 masses, 375 motets, large cycles of hymns and offerotires, 35 magnificats, and more than 140 mDRINGALs?
|
giocanni palestrina
|
|
|
who was a catholic composer who wrote music for the angilican church?
|
william byrd
|
|
|
over the years, gabrielle's music has become
|
brass players
|
|
|
In the madrignal, compositional technique called _________ became quite popular as a means of heightening dramic impression of words through musical tricks
|
text painitng
|
|
|
Palestrina's ___________ mass was said to have single handedly daved polyphonic church music during the renaissance.
|
parody
|
|
|
what is consonance?
|
tones at rest. a consonant chord is pretty stable; it either is or it isn't.
|
|
|
when is it proper to applaud at a concert attendance?
|
applaud when the the concertmaster (first violinist) enters the stage
|
|
|
is it proper to applaud after two movements of a five movement song?
|
no, it is customary to applaud after all the movements have been completed
|
|
|
At an opera, it is bad to applaud during the concert.
f or t |
false
it is perfectly acceptable at an opera |
