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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How long did the middle ages last?
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1000 years
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Who did the music have to be approved by?
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by church
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Who invented notation?
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Gudo d'Grezzo
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what kind of music occured during the middle ages?
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chants, plainchants in churches, singing words
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What is a Mass?
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a lenghty ceremony that would happen more than once a day, no fewer than 8
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What is plainchant? whats another name for it?
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a great repertory of melodies designated for the many religious texts to be sung at services throughout the year, gregorian chant
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Who was the pope during the Middle ages?
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Gregory the 1st
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what is gregorian recitation?
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the single note used for musical recitation with brief melodic formulas for beginning and ending
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what is antiphon?
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a genre of plainchant usually showing a simple melodic style with few melismas
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who was Abbess Hildegard?
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really well know woman composer during the middle ages, composed planichant melodies
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What is sequence?
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a much more elaborate kind of melody than the antiphon, short tunes sung twice, with some variation
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What are jongleurs?
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a medieval secular musician, popular
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What are medieval modes?
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not construed in the major/minor system
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What are troubadours?
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noble poet-composers of court songs who we are told, preformed the songs themselves in France
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What kind of troubadours performed in Germany?
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Minnesingers
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What kind of music was polyphony during the Medieval period?
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Western music
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What is polyphony?
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the simultaneous combination of two or more melodies-risen in europe
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What is the organum?
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the 1st earliest type of polyphony,
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When did the organum be created?
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in 1000.
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Who were the two comosers working in Notre Dame on organum? what did they compose?
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Master Leonin, and Perotin,
4 voice polyphony |
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When did Machaut live? what did he create?
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1300-1377, he created isorythm
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What is isorythm?
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technique of writing successive lengthy passages in identical rhythms bit with distinct melodies.
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Where did the Renaissance of music start?
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in Italy
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When was the Renaissance Period?
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1400-1600
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What is paraphrase?
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the modification and decoration of plainchant melodies i early Renaissance music.the embellished chants with extra notes, graceful rhythms
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What occured during the Renaissance?
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the beginning of homophony
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What is homophony?
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the music in a harmonic texture, when the melody is played with the accompaniment of chords. being harmonized
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What is the performances of voices singing along?
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acapella
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Who is Guillame Dufay?Where was he born?
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he came up with the hymn, born in France, lived between 1400-1474
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What is a hymn?
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one of the most tuneful of plainchant genres.
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Who is JOsquin Desprez? When did he live and where was he from?
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he was the first master of the HIgh Renaissance, born in France, and lived from 1450-1521, wrote 18 different settings of the Mass
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What happened in the Mass?
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they rejected isorhythm and used more simpler, gentler and supple music, consists of 5 movements, written for the Roman Catholic church
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What are the 5 movements of the Mass?
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kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, and agnus Dei
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When did the High Renaissance start? what was it?
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around 1500, change in the polyphony
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What happened to the polyphony during the High Renaissance?
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became imitative
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What is imitation?
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musical texture in which the various melodic lines use approximately the same themes.
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What is madrigal, when did it develop and where?
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developed in 1530, in Italy , it is a short composition set to a 1-staza poem-typically a love poem, with a rapid turnover of ideas and images. 1 singer per part.
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What developed after the madrigal?
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the English madrigal.
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Who was Thomas Weelkes? When was he born?
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one of the best composers of English madrigal. born in 1575-1623
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What was the most popular instrument during the Renaissance era?
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the lute
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What is pavane?
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one of the most popular solemn dances in duple meter, with participants stepping and stopping formally
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What is galliard?
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usually paired with pavane, a solemn dance in triple meter
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Who was Giovanni Palestrina? when was he born and where?
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born in 1525-1594, born in Italy, he wrote hundreds of Masses
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When did the Baroque period start and last?
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started in 1700 and lasted til' 1750
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What occured with bar lines, rhythm and meters in the Baroque era?
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rhythms became more definite, regular and insistent, the meter is now accepted, bar lines are beginning to be used for the first time
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What is basso continuo?
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in a baroque scale the bass line is performed by bass voices or low instruments such as cellos or bassoons
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What is basso ostinato?
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another name for the ground bass "persistent" or "obstinate" bass,
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What is ground bass?
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music constructed literally from the bottom up, "repeated harmonies"
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What is opera?
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drama presented in music, with the characters singing instead of singing
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What new music developed during the Baroque period?
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opera
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What is recitative during the Baroque period?
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the technique of declaiming words musically in a heightened theatrical manner
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What is aria?
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an extended piece for solo singer that was much more musical elaboration and coherence than a passage of recitative
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What happened to dynamics during the Baroque period?
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they were not written
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What did the orchestra have in it during the Baroque period?
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6 violins, 6 cellos, 12 violas, 2 contra bass, and 1 harp
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What is the festive orchestra?
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used brass and percussion along with the normal instruments of an orchestra
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Who is Anotonio Vivaldi?when did he live?
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lived from 1678-1741, champion of 400 conertos, violinist
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What is a concerto?
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latin word to contest, to contend contest between solo and orchestra
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What is ritornello?
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the name for the orchestral music at typically starts the movement off. stable, 1st movement
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What is a movement?
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a self-contained section of music that is part of a larger work, chapter in book ex.
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Describe the movements in a concerto.
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1st movement-brigh extravagant piece, fast tempo,
2nd movement-contrast, quieter, slower, and more emotional 3rd movement-faster than first, fast again |
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What is variation form? second movement of a concerto
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entails the successive uninterrupted repitition of one cleaerly defined melodic unit, with changes that causes the listener's interest w/out losing touch with the theme.
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Describe basso ostinato in instrumental form.
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baroque variations tend to occur above stable bass patterns
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What is a fugue?
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a polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices,usually 3 or 4-built on a single principal theme
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Who is Johann Sebastian Bach? when was he born?
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1685-1750, wrote the Art of Fugue,
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describe the 1st theme of fugue presented.
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1. soprano-one melody, subject
2. alto-subject with new melody 3. tenor-subject appears in another voice 4. bass-subject play in particular melody |
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What is a dance suite?
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to group a collectionm of misc. dances together in a genre.
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name the distinguishing characterisitics of dance suites and their origin.
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allemande,
courante, sarabande, minuet, bourree, gavotte gigue |
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What is oratio?
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basically an opera on a religious subject
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Who is George Frideric Handel? when was he born>
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1724, wrote operas, and oratio Messiah
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What is cantata?
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a general name for a piece of moderate length for voices and instruments, written in Germany to be performed in Lutheran Churhch servies
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What is gapped chorale?
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the chorale melody is delivered in spurts, can be sung, or played while music goes along in the toerh instruments and or voices
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What did Bach write?
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wrote cantatas, 200 survived
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What is organ chorale?
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an important genre of keyboard music at the time, is an organ composition incorporating a hymn tune
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