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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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religion
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Emile Durkheim: social institution with its own set of beliefs and sacred practices
-moral community -social values and structures mirrored through practices |
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sacred symbols and practices are...
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music, dancing, chanting, etc.
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ritual
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repeatable pattern of behavior which carries complex meanings especially when shared with a group and related to basic themes in group culture
Durkheim: basic mechanisms and expression of social solidarity |
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liminality
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position that is outside or between states of being, a transitory moment between social roles
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right of passage
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type of ritual where person moves from one social status to another.
van Gennep- composed of three stages including separation from original status, intermediary moment where roles are removed/reversed, reintegrated into social order |
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communitas
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Turner-feeling of heightened solidarity produced during liminal points of worship
setting self aside in favor of feeling a sense of group solidarity |
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altered state of consciousness
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any abnormal state of consciousness
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ecstasy
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-state in which normal sense experiences are suspended and subject becomes joyfully conscious of normal things
-altered state of consciousness where one is joyful |
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trance
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state in which reaction to the environment is diminished however awareness is not impaired
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spirit possession
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seizure of human by the devine
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melism
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more than one sound per syllable
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mode
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collection of notes, usually ordered from lowest to highest into a scale
sequence of pitches |
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motif
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a short musical idea that repeats (otherwise known as a "figure")
reoccurring melody theme/fragment |
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rhythm
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a repeatable pattern of sound and silences
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musical texture
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ways different sounds are put together at the same time (ex: homophony, monophony, heterophony, polyphony)
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responsive singing
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leader sings and group responds
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interval
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space/step between pitches, such as an octave
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call and response
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musical conversation
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heterophony
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combination of different sounds at the same time
example of musical texture |
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Chazzan
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cantor or songer leader
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Shama
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prayer that says there is one leader
statement of monotheism |
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Amidah
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19 different blessings repeated 3 times a day (repetitious, melismatic, and monophonic)
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Yossele Rosenblatt
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-cantor
-popularized sobbing in sacred music -had fame far beyond Jewish music -was in the first movie with an audio track |
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Shofar
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-A horn made from a ram, used in Jewish religious services
-used in call and response |
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Ba'al Shem Tov
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-rabbi
-considered founder of Hasidism -thought that the best way to pray was to experience the devine through joy and excitement |
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Hasidism
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-being joyful is a form of prayer, worship through ecstasism
-all songs are divinely inspired |
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nigun
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songs that are vocables instead of having lyrics
(nigunei dvéikus=nigun that makes one feel ecstasy) |
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tish
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table where the rabbi sits
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klezmer music
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-Originated in Eastern Europe with a revival in the US by Tarras and Brandwein
-originally had two violins, cimbolom, base/cello, and flute -clarinet added in the 19th century -all male traveling bands |
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Tarras, Brandwein, Shatman, Feldman
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all klezmer clarinetists (Shatman and Feldman learned under Tarras and Brandwein)
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Abayudaya
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Jewish population in Mbale, Uganda
founded in 1919 own musical practice that has very little in with other Jewish music |
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Semei Kakungulu
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Ugandan military leader known as the founder of the Abayudaya community
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plainchant
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-monophonic, usually unaccompanied music of the Christian liturgy
-melody performed in unison -public devotional song |
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under Constantine the 1st christianity first...
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became officially supported by the government
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ordinary vs. proper prayers
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never changes, prayers one says every time at mass vs. prayers that change from day to day and holiday to holiday
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Charlemagne
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tried to unify his empire through music: had the same music played in every church in his empire
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St. Benedict
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universalized mass services
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poliphony
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voices doing different things at the same time
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Leonin
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Created birth of harmony: took plain song and turned it into long notes (organum)
plainchant organum |
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Isaac Watts
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anglican hymnal creator in 1690s in England
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Hymn
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-A sacred lyric for use in worship
-Not a song but a lyric |
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protestant hymn
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sang in the vernacular (spoken language of place)
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Martin Luther
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creator of Protestantism
used hymns to spread and teach his doctrine |
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Most famous hymn
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"O God, our help in ages past"
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Charles Wesley
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Methodist Englishman's hymns were compiled into the Sacred Melody hymnal in 1761, popular in America
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John (and Charles) Wesley
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made hymn singing central to worship
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one of most famous hymnals
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Hymns Ancient and Modern
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Oliver Holden wrote...
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“Corenation” or “All hail the power of Jesus’ name” which is the oldest surviving American hymnal
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Sacred Harp Singing used
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shape notes where each syllable was assigned a shape which made music easier to learn
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Sidi Goma
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Sufi group in India with origin in East Africa
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Lucha Zakarian
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Soviet-era opera singer known for interpretations of Armenian sacred music
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Mesrop Mashtots
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created Armenian alphabet which was used to translate the bible
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Second council of Dvin
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decided to be Armenian Orthodox as a way of keeping culture while place was being contexted
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khaz
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Armenian notation
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Hampartsoum Limondjan
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came up with Hampartsum notation (can no longer be read)
non armenian who had huge influence |
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Gospel music
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-Christian songs of worship in the vernacular that daw on poplat music
-first associated with evangelical christians and revivalists in the Northern states |
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Dwight Moody
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big role in Northern urban gospel
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General William Booth
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founded Salvation Army
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Ira Sankey
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song leader who wrote "there were 90 and 9"
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example of multiple meanings in gospel music
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"Wade in the Water"
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Thomas A. Dorsey
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most famous gospel singer
from Atlanta wrote "Take my hand Precious Lord" |
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Mahalia Jackson
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Queen of Gospel
one of greatest American singers |
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Sufi
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A kind of Islamic mysticism
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Dhikr
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repetitive vocalization of the name of God
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Halal
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amicable music
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Haram
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unamicable music
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Qira'a
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chronic recitation
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Qari
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person who recited the Quran
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Tilawa
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formal term referring to chronic recitation
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Tartil
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recitation with slow, deliberate attention to detail
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Tajwid
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exact science of chronic recitation,
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Adhan
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call to prayer performed 5 times a day
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maqams
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Arabic musical mode, set of rules governing improvisation
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Mevlevi
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whriling derveshes, Sufism
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murattal
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plain style of recitation for teaching
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mujawwad
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embellished style for public audition
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Muezzin
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person who recites the Adhan
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Qawwali
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devotional music of Sufis
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