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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is time signature? |
How many beats per bar.
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What is the tempo? How can you describe the tempo? |
How fast a piece is.
Words (moderato) Tempo / metronome marking (=100 means 100 beats per minute) Rubato = robbed time, speed varies. |
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What is the pattern the beats make called? What are the three different types of this? |
Metre.
Regular, irregular or free. |
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What is regular metre? |
Same pattern of beats all the way through - every beat in each bar is the same length.
Time signature is simple or compound. |
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What is simple time? |
It has 2, 3 or 4 as the top number. You can count all the beats. |
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What is compound time? |
Has 6, 9 or 12 on top number - can divide by 3. Make rhythm clear by only counting main beats. 6/8 would be counted as 'One, two'. |
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What is irregular metre? |
Top number of 5, 7, 10, 11 > beats are grouped in a different way, notes grouped into twos, threes or fours. e.g. 5/8 is counted as '1-&-2-&-a'. |
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What is free metre? |
Music with no pattern to the beat. Some have no time signature. |
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What is syncopation + what is the effect? How can this be achieved, what genre is it typically used in? |
Where strong beats are moved away from first beat of bar, onto weaker beat. Produces lively, off-beat sound.
Move strong beats onto off-beats, or add accents onto offbeats. Use triplets - 2nd and 3rd notes are off main beat.
Typically used in jazz. |
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What are dotted rhythms + what is the effect? |
Increases note length by half it's original value. Produce a swung sound, more interesting. |
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What us a hemiola? What composers used these? Where in a piece are they often used? |
When 2 bars of simple triple time (like 3/4) are played as three bars of duple time (like 2/4). Baroque (1600-1750) composers used them. Often used at cadences. |
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What are polyrhythms? What type of music typically uses polyrhythms? |
Two or more rhythms played at the same time. They will often have accents in different places > still feel like they fit together. African music. |
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What are birhythms? |
When time signatures can be split into different patterns of beats. e.g. 3/4 can be played at 3 groups of two quavers or 2 groups of three quavers. |
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What are cross rhythms + what effect is produced? What type of music are they commonly used in? |
Two or more rhythms that don't fit when played together. e.g quavers and triplets together. Creates tension. Used in percussive and African music. |
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What are drum fills? Why are they used? What genres are they used in? |
Little drum solos - last a few beats. Build music up, change sections, give drummer chance to show off. Used in rock, pop or jazz. |
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What is harmony? What are the two types of harmony? |
Two or more notes of different pitch played at the same time. Often the accompanying parts in a song.
Diatonic or chromatic. |
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What is a diatonic harmony? |
When the notes belong to the main key of a piece. |
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What is a chromatic harmony? |
When the notes don't belong to the main key of a piece. |
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What does it mean when intervals/chords are consonant? What intervals are consonant? |
Sound nice, fit together.
3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and octaves are consonant > 4th and 5th are perfect intervals. |
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What does it mean when intervals/chords are dissonant? What intervals are dissonant? What effects do they produce? |
Clashing notes, don't fit together > want to resolve. 2nd and 7th are dissonant. Create tension and terror. Useful for modulations. |
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What are the three different types of multiple rhythms? |
Polyrhythms, bi-rhythms, cross-rhythms? |
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What are polyrhythms? |
Two or more rhythms played at the same time? Accents in different places, still feel like fit together. Lots of African music is polyrhythhmic. |
