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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Timbre
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tone color; a description of the “color” of sound; the quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another, the description/quality of sound
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Drone
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a stationary tone or tones, usually played or sung during a section of music or throughout an entire performance. Some instruments, such as bagpipes, constantly play a drone tone/note
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Vibrato
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vibration/fluctuation/pulsing of a pitch (a type of ornament)
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Ornament
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to “decorate” a note w/extra notes (typically notes adjacent to the original note) or musical effects
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Microtone
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notes whose tunings lie outside conventional western tunings; notes with intervals than a half step 9a half step is the smallest interval used in most “western music”)
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Electronphone
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instruments which produce sound purely by electrical means (shorthand – electric)
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Chordophone
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instruments which produce sound by means of a vibrating string (shorthand-string)
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Membranophone
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instrument which produces sound by means of vibrating flexible membrane (shorthand-drumhead)
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Aerophone
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an instrument, which produces sound by means of an air column (shorthand-wind, breath)
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Idiophone
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literally “self sounding”; broadly defined as an instruments which produces sound w/o the addition of a stretched membrane, vibrating string or reed; constructed of solid, non-stretchable material (shorthand-non of the above)
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Military Music
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instruments (drums, horns) used for communication. Inspiration & intimidation
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Lamellaphone
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plucked idiophone originated only on the African continent
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Military Music
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instruments (drums, horns) used for communication. Inspiration & intimidation
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Lamellaphone
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plucked idiophone originated only on the African continent
Theramin |
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Adhan
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muslim call to prayer
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Muezzin
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performer of adhen
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Umm Kulthum
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(1904 -1975) most prominent singer in the Arab world in the 20th century. Career intersected w/technological developments & Egyptian nationalism
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Maqam/maqamat
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enhanced or melodic Arab scale
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Zil
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Ottoman Empire Cymbals
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Zurna
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Ottoman Empire: shawn (horn w/reed mouthpiece)
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Mehter
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Janissary/Ottoman military music ensembles
Mehter Instruments |
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Janissary
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elite troops of the Ottoman Empire. New army for sultan. Had to pay w/ a kid (blood tax)
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Boru
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type of trumpet
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Cevgen/Turkish Crescent
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Ottoman Empire Idiophones
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Hâl
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mystical state of ecstasy; spiritual mood of performer & audience
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Dastgâh
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system of Iranian modes, but w/special rules for improvisation; a “parent mode”; a system of playing 12 modes, each w/numerous gushe
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Tar
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long-necked lute, has three double-strings and double-sound chamber (covered w/animal hide)
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Santur
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struck, trapezoid-shaped zither w/72 metal strings (in groups of 4); is hammered w/small mallets
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Radîf
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an ustads version of how to play dastgah material; a specific version of the IZ different modes
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Daramad
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opening piece that establishes dastgah; composed or improvised; often meterless
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Ney
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reed flute, end of the flute is held near the two front upper teeth; breathy timbre
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Kamanche
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fiddle (bowed chordophone); held upright on knee; nasal;strident timbre
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Zarb/dombak (tombak)
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goblet- shaped drum (membranophone)
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Dayeh/daf
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large grame drum (membranophone)
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Tahrir
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an ornament used by vocalists; specifically a trill or rapid oscillation between a different vocal registers
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Chahar Mezrab
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virtuosic instrumental solo w/driving rhythm and noticeable meter; often follows the daramad
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Mbira
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shona lamellaphone; used for religion, personal expression, entertainment
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Chuning
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elements of a particular mbiras sound (tuning, timbre, volume, etc.)
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Mahon’era
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normal singing voice in mid/low register
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Chimurenga
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“struggle” music. Popular music sung in shona, rose to prominence in 1970’s during the struggle for indigenous/black African rule
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Ululation
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very high-pitched ornamented cry (women only) approval, encouragement
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