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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What entity was the primary producer of music in the very beginning?
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The Church.
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What were some early forms of music?
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4th century--Gregorian chant
Middle Ages--organ |
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What happened at the Council of Trent and what were the effects on music?
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An ecumenical council, the Church declined to intervene in music while the protestant faiths embraced music.
As a result, many jobs were created for choir director organists, choir members, and orchestra members. An interest in non-church music increases with the Renaissance as many towns and wealthy families hire "pipers" |
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What was happening from 1618 to 1648?
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The Thirty Years' War. This devastates central Europe leaving micro-states run by nobility.
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What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on music?
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In the U.K. and France, it increased incomes in the 18th century and enlightened rulers of the time encouraged the arts. These developments increased the demand for music which helped elicit labor supply.
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In what city did Mozart flourish?
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Vienna.
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What was the Kapelle system? Who was the Kapellmeister?
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The musical demands of a noble household were supplied by a cadre of household servants led by a Kapellmeister, who was little more than a servant himself.
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Why did the Kapelle system end up dying out?
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The market demand began moving more towards opera. Also, the Imperial court could outshine the private musical performances of aristocratic households only in the area of full-scale opera productions. Therefore, the Imperial court abandoned those forms of music that no longer represented its special status.
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What were the effects of the phasing out of the Kapelle system?
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Many jobs were destroyed, but demand remained strong. Out of work musicians began performing in public and teaching.
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What invention and growing popularity of this instrument inspired Mozart and a number of other composers of the time and why?
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The pianoforte because it:
--allowed musicians to perform in front of larger audiences --they were small enough to fit in a wealthy family's home |
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What is the basis of Baumol & Baumol's 1994 Hypotheses?
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Rivalries among the numerous “petty states” in central Europe created jobs, which encouraged musicians. But the authors note many changes supply & demand for musicians.
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What caused the shifts in demand?
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(1) increases in rivalries between petty states (fads)
(2) increase in income (3) interest in "galant" style |
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What caused the shifts in supply?
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(1) development of the piano (technology)
(2) increase in public performance and teaching opportunities (number of sellers) (3) more children considering a career in music (number of sellers) |
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What do all of these shifts do?
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Increase quantity.
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What was the tradeoff between the clavichord and the harpsichord?
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The clavichord was quiet and used to compose, but was too quiet for public performance.
The harpsichord was loud, but the player had less tone control. |
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Germany (as a result of what?) had a comparative advantage in the supply of which two products?
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As a result of its fragmentation.
1--composers 2--royalty |
