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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phrase
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-a musical sentence
-a single melodic idea |
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conjunct motion
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-smooth, stepwise motion
-possibly Ruth Crawford's "Piano Study in Mixed Accents" |
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disjunct motion
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-leaps, especially large leaps
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register
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-range of pitches in a melody; vocal or instrumental
-very high register in Verdi's "La Traviata": coloratura soprano |
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meter
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-the underlying pattern of beats that maintains itself consistently throughout a work
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triple meter
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-accented beat followed by two unaccented beats
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duple meter
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-accented beat followed by an unaccented beat
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measure
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-a rhythmic unit
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syncopated
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-notes run against the regular pulse of a musical meter
-accents on beats other than 1 and 3 |
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major mode
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-melodies sound brighter and happier
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minor mode
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-melodies sound darker and more somber
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unison
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-both (all) voices sing exactly the same note
-usually at the end of a cadence |
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tonic
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-central tonality/key area
-"home" key |
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modulate
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-change of key
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atonality
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-no key, no tonal center, no sense of resolution
-Schoenberg's "Pierrot lunaire" no. 14 (heilige kreuze) and no. 21 (o alter duft) |
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polytonality
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-juxtaposition of two conventional harmonies simultaneously
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whole tone scale
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-no half steps, eliminating further sense of tonal center
-an exotic quality? -Debussy's "Voiles" |
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pentatonic scale
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-based on five notes instead of traditional seven
-beginning of Spring Round Dance in Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" |
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monophonic
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-single melodic voice/line, with no accompaniment
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homophonic
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-melodic line with a subordinate accompaniment
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polyphonic
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-melody performed against another line of equal importance
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timbre
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-the character of a sound
-determined by the kind of instruments or voices performing it -Copland's "Hoedown": sometimes full orchestra, sometimes imitation of dance hall, sometimes imitation of high bells -Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring": HUGE orchestra |
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piano
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-soft dynamic
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forte
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-loud dynamic
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sectional
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-each new section of the text receives a new musical idea
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da capo (aria)
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-go back to beginning of aria and repeat through end of A section
-ABA |
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rondo form
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-repeated return of opening theme, w/contrasting material heard between each return
-A B A C A -"round dance" -main theme of rondo typically brief and almost instantly recognizable -Copland's "Hoedown" |
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non-directional
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-Debussy's "Voiles"
-no sense that music moving away from or back toward a tonic key or any other kind of goal -even ending seems inconclusive; stops but no sense of closure -combo of elements of timbre, dynamics, rhythm, harmony |
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opera
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-drama that is sung rather than spoken
-music enhances text and injects heightened emotion into story -Verdi's "La Traviata" and Wagner's "Die Walkure, Act III: Wotan's Farewell" |
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ballet
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-a musical choreographic work
-Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" |
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opera cycle
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-Wagner's "Ring of the Nibelungen"
-"Die Walkure, Act III: Wotan's Farewell" is the second opera in the cycle of 4 operas |
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syllabic
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-one note per syllable
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melismatic
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-multiple notes over a single syllable
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word-painting
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-specific words are presented graphically
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imitation
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-one voice presents a musical idea and another repeats it, but entering later than the first
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recitative
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-text not sung w/established melody or rhythm
-thin, light texture underneath -mostly syllabic -speech like |
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aria
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-more lyrical passage
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ostinato rhythm
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-simple rhythmic pattern repeated many times
-stravinsky's "the rite of spring" |
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leitmotif
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-a brief musical phrase or idea connected dramatically to some person, event, or idea in a music drama
-"leading motifs" meant to lead/direct our minds in a certain way when we see what is happening onstage -Wagner's "Die Walkure, Act III: Wotan's Farewell" -spear: steady, confident, downward-striding figure in brass; confidence of Wotan's authority -sword: loud, bright like a fanfare -sleep: descending line by soft winds and high strings -fate: brief, open-ended associated w/idea of destiny -fire: flickers, bright, strings/winds, medium dynamics, background violins, melody repeats -Loge: almost synonymous with fire |
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sprechstimme
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-singer hits but doesn't sustain precise pitches; drops her voice once she hits the note
-"speech-voice" |
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coloratura soprano
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-can do elaborate runs and trills in a very high range
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modernism
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-ppl consciously doing things differently; move away from past
-IMPRESSIONISM -EXPRESSIONISM |
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ultramodernism
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-Crawford's "Piano study in mixed accents"
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expressionism
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-sought to give voice to the unconscious
-to make manifest humanity's deepest and often darkest emotions -rejects conventional techniques of representation, favoring instead devices that exaggerate and distort -Schoenberg's "pierrot lunaire" |
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impressionism
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-not trying to depict something or tell a story
-meant to convey a mood -blurring of distinct harmonies, rhythms, and forms -places great emphasis on color (timbre) of sound -debussy's "voiles" |
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primitivism
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-back to the origins
-comes from primate, primary but NOT primitive -free of decadent veneer of civilization -Stravinsky's "The rite of spring" |
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aleatory music
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-music of chance
-specifies elements of rhythm and dynamics with great precision but leave sound content entirely to chance |
