Music 140 Hist Rock N' Roll Ch2

Front 1

Name the 2 subcltures that showed characteristics quite different from the norms of society in general during the 1950's?

Back 1

1. Black subculture
2. Country and western subculture

Front 2

List the 3 main musical styles associated with the black subculture in the 1950s?

Back 2

1. jazz
2. gospel
3. rhythm and blues

Front 3

What does R & B stand for?

Back 3

Rhythm and Blues

Front 4

T or F
Rhythm & Blues is related to jazz and gospel.

Back 4

True

Front 5

What was the primary reason for the evolution of jazz, gospel and R & B?

Back 5

Segregation

Front 6

What musical style were the "race records" based on ?

Back 6

Rhythm and Blues

Front 7

T or F
Prior to the 1950's, an R & B performer rarely crossed over into the national pop market.

Back 7

True

Front 8

What does C & W stand for?

Back 8

Country and Western

Front 9

What is the term given to hte style of folk music that the poorer whites of the South developed?

Back 9

Hillbilly music

Front 10

Name 3 types of music that can be included in the genre of country and western music:

Back 10

1. hillbilly
2. bluegrass
3. western swing

Front 11

Name the 3 music markets that contributed to the formation of rock and roll:

Back 11

1. pop
2. R & B - Rhythm and Blues
3. C & W - Country Western

Front 12

In the early 1950's Pop music was derived from where?

Back 12

Tin Pan Alley tradition

Front 13

Describe the Tin Pan Alley tradition:

Back 13

The old swing period of the 30's and 40's, Hollywood music and Broadway show tunes

Front 14

What is the name of an area of New York City that became the center of popular music publishing from the late 1800s to the late 1950s?

Back 14

Tin Pan Alley

Front 15

Who generated primarily the Tin Pan Alley songs?

Back 15

White professional songwriters

Front 16

T or F
Generally, Tin Pan Alley songs had a very straight, uncomplicated rhythm with 4(sometimes 3) beats to each measure.

Back 16

True

Front 17

What is the word that best describes the melodies of Tin Pan Alley songs?

Back 17

PRETTY

Front 18

Tin Pan Alley songs were symetrically organized inbto units of how many measures?

Back 18

Four measures

Front 19

What is another word for "measure"?

Back 19

Phrase

Front 20

T or F
Tempos of Tin Pan Alley songs were generally fast.

Back 20

False,
Tempos of Tin Pan Alley songs were generally moderate to slow

Front 21

Describe the faster tempos of Tin Pan Alley songs?

Back 21

Bouncy and cute

Front 22

Who usually recorded the Tin Pan Alley songs?

Back 22

Professional singers with full orchestras and a small chorus

Front 23

What was the average peak popularity of a Tin Pan Alley song in the early 1950s?

Back 23

@ 2 months

Front 24

What was the usual rise in popularity of a song in the Pop charts?

Back 24

Song would rise for @ 4 weeks and have an equal 4 weeks in decline, so that the average time on the pop charts was @ 20 to 25 weeks.

Front 25

T or F
The early 1950s pop music market was dominated by many record labels.

Back 25

False,
The 1950s pop music market was dominated by 5 major record companies.

Front 26

Name the 5 major record companies that dominated the 1950s pop music market:

Back 26

1. RCA Victor
2. Columbia
3. Capitol
4. Mercury
5. Decca

Front 27

T or F
If an artis on one label had commercial success with a particular sonb, the other companies would quickly produce a version of the same son featuring one of their artists.

Back 27

True

Front 28

What age of consumer was the pop music market of 1950s targeting?

Back 28

Adult

Front 29

What segment of consumer was the pop music market of 1950s made up?

Back 29

Exclusively white

Front 30

T or F
Rhythm is basic to all music

Back 30

True

Front 31

What is the term for the interrelationship between music and time?

Back 31

Rhythm

Front 32

What are the basic parts of all music?

Back 32

1. beginning
2. duration
3. ending

Front 33

T or F
Each part of music has in internal pace of activity, with moments of exciting eactivity alternating with moments in which the action subsides.

Back 33

True

Front 34

In music, who determines the thythmic nature of the work?

Back 34

The Composer

Front 35

What is the term given to the speed of the notes moving through time in music?

Back 35

Tempo

Front 36

What do the many notes, each with different lenths compared with others, make up in music?

Back 36

The Rhythmic Element

Front 37

What is created by a vibrating body (guitar string or piano string or a saxophone reed)?

Back 37

Pitch or tone

Front 38

The faster the vibration of a vibrating body, the ________ the pitch

Back 38

The higher the pitch

Front 39

What do we think of when we hear 2 or more pitches in succession?

Back 39

A melody or tune

Front 40

What do we usually remember about a song, the tune or the rhythm?

Back 40

The tune

Front 41

What is the term that describes how high and how low the melody goes?

Back 41

The Range

Front 42

Describe melodies that move from very low to very high notes:

Back 42

Wide Range

Front 43

Describe melodies whose notes move up and down very little

Back 43

Narrow Range

Front 44

What is the term used to describe a melody that moves gradually from its lower pitches to its higher pitches?

Back 44

Conjunt

Front 45

What is the term used to describe a melody that is jumping from its high to its low pitches

Back 45

Disjunct

Front 46

What is the term used to describe the pattern of the location of notes (pitches)in a melody

Back 46

The melody's CONTOUR

Front 47

What is the term for a short melody pattern

Back 47

Motive

Front 48

What is the term for the combination of note simultaneously?

Back 48

Harmony

Front 49

What is the term for when 3 or more notes are sounded simultaneously?

Back 49

Chord

Front 50

What is the term for a 3-note chord?

Back 50

Triad

Front 51

How many pitches do musicians work with?

Back 51

7 (seven)

Front 52

Name the 7 pitches that musicians work with:

Back 52

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
6. F
7. G

Front 53

What is the term for the distance from a given note to its next occurrence in the musical alphabet?

Back 53

Octave

Front 54

What is another word that is interchanged with "tonality"

Back 54

"key"

Front 55

Describe the notes in the key of C

Back 55

1. C
2. D
3. E
4. F
5. G
6. A
7. B

Front 56

What is the term given to the tone quality of sound?

Back 56

Timbre

Front 57

How do you pronounce "timbre"?

Back 57

"tam-burr"

Front 58

T or F
Each voice and instrument has a distinctive sound quality or timbre.

Back 58

True

Front 59

T or F
Certain timbres are associated certain sytles of music

Back 59

True

Front 60

What is the term for the way the various musical lines function in relation to each other?

Back 60

Texture

Front 61

List the 3 basic possible textures of music:

Back 61

1. monophony
2. homophony
3. polypony

Front 62

What is the simplest musical texture?

Back 62

Monophony

Front 63

What is the term for when there is one and only one musical line?

Back 63

Monophony

Front 64

T or F
10 singers all singin exactly the same melodic line are creating polyphony.

Back 64

False.
10 singers all singing exactly the same melodic line are creating monophony.

Front 65

What is the term for when one musical line predominates, but other lines are also pressent in a subservient role.

Back 65

Homophony

Front 66

What is the most common type of homophony?

Back 66

Melody and accompaniament texture

Front 67

What example of texture is a singer accompanied by a guitar?

Back 67

Homophony

Front 68

What is the term for when two or more independent lines of approximately equal importance are played?

Back 68

Polyphony

Front 69

What are the words used to describe texture?

Back 69

1. thick
2. thin

Front 70

How would you describe the texture of 2 singers singing a duet?

Back 70

thin

Front 71

How would you describe a choir with a full orchestra, brass and strings playing melodies and coutermelodies, harmonies?

Back 71

thick

Front 72

What is the term for the amount of displacement of a vibrating body?

Back 72

Amplitude

Front 73

Usually, what are the words we use to instead of amplitude?

Back 73

Loudness or Volume

Front 74

What is the term used by musicians

Back 74

Dynamics

Front 75

What is the term for the organizational sgtructure of a piece of music?

Back 75

Form

Front 76

What is the result of changes in some or all of the musical elements?

Back 76

Form

Front 77

T or F
Technically speaking, the lyrics of a song are not an integral part of the music.

Back 77

True

Front 78

What is the term used for the verbal expression of a song?

Back 78

Lyrics

Front 79

T or F
Music is a language.

Back 79

True

Front 80

T or F
In the 1950s C & W had a large and nationally defined audience.

Back 80

False,
C & W had a small and regioinally well-defined audience.

Front 81

By the 1950s, where were the centers of C & W music?

Back 81

1. South
2. Southwest
3. Midwest

Front 82

What is the most influentical C & W oriented radio show?

Back 82

The Grand Ole Opry

Front 83

Where is the Grand Ole Opry?

Back 83

Nashville, Tenn.

Front 84

Name the publishing house that attracted performers and songwriters to Nashville?

Back 84

Acuff-Rose

Front 85

T or F
The C & W market was served mainly by small independent record companies scattered throughout the regions.

Back 85

True

Front 86

Describe the type of consumer of the C & W market?

Back 86

Whtie adults

Front 87

T or F
The form of the typical C & W song was similar to that of Tin Pan Alley.

Back 87

True

Front 88

Describe the typical subject of C & W lyrics

Back 88

Love-oriented

Front 89

What is the most recognizable characteristic of the 1950 C & W music?

Back 89

The timbre

Front 90

What were the 2 specific sources of the timbre of the 1950 C & W music?

Back 90

1. vocalist
2. steel guitar

Front 91

Describe the typical timbre of the 1950 C & W vocalist?

Back 91

1.Nasal
2.sliding from one note to another
3.yodeling

Front 92

Where did the steel guitar originate?

Back 92

Hawaii

Front 93

What instrument was absent from C & W music until the 1950s?

Back 93

The Drums

Front 94

Until the 1950s what instrument set the rhythm in C & W music?

Back 94

Bass guitar player

Front 95

How many members typcially made up the rock and roll band of the 1950s?

Back 95

4 to 6 players

Front 96

List the typical instruments found in the rock-and-roll band of the 1950s?

Back 96

1. drums
2. bass (acoustic)
3. 2 electric guitars - one lead the other rhythm
4. piano (acoustic)
5. saxophone (alto or tenor)

Front 97

When did the expansion of electronic instruments appear on the music scene?

Back 97

1970s and 1980s

Front 98

What is the basic instrument of all rock and roll?

Back 98

Guitar

Front 99

List the 2 basic varieties of guitar:

Back 99

1. Acoustic
2. Electric

Front 100

What kind of guitar did Elvis Presley start out with?

Back 100

Acoustic

Front 101

Which guitar, acoustic or electric, is considered the basic instrument of rock and roll?

Back 101

Electric guitar

Front 102

Why can electric guitars be made out of metal or wood and have either hollow or solid bodies and come in a variety of shapes?

Back 102

They do not require the wooden sound chamber of the acoustic guitar

Front 103

Who developed the "Stratocaster", that became the model for electric guitars in rock and roll for many years?

Back 103

Leo Fender

Front 104

What is a recent development in guitars that increases the mobility for its player?

Back 104

Wireless electric guitar

Front 105

What is the name given to the ideal pop singer of the early 1950s who was iat his best singing soft, slow love songs?

Back 105

Crooner

Front 106

What is the term used for the slow love songs?

Back 106

Ballads

Front 107

List several "crooner" singers popular in the softer rock:

Back 107

1. Pat Boone
2. Paul Anka
3. Frankie Avalon
4. The Carpenters
5. Barry Manilow

Front 108

List several "screamers" or shouters of the harder early days of rock and roll:

Back 108

1. Janis Joplin
2. Little Richard
3. James Brown

Front 109

List several half crooners and half shouters of the early days of rock and roll:

Back 109

1. Jerry Lee Lewis
2. Fats Domino
3. Beach Boys

Front 110

What is considered the central ingredient to a rock and roll band?

Back 110

The Drums

Front 111

What is another name for the typical drum set?

Back 111

trap set or traps

Front 112

How many people typically play the drums in a rock and roll band?

Back 112

One person

Front 113

List the drums that make up a typical drum set in a rock and roll band:

Back 113

1. bass drum
2. snare drum
3. tenor drum
4. tom-tom
5. sock cymbal
6. pair of hi-hat cymbals
7. cowbell
8. variety of mallets

Front 114

What instrument do most drummers not like?

Back 114

Electronic drum machines

Front 115

What quickly replaced the piano in bands as rock and roll bands?

Back 115

Keyboards

Front 116

What is the name of the instrument that used tapes of prerecorded tones by various instruments?

Back 116

Mellotron

Front 117

What rock and roll band's sound became esp identified with the Mellotron?

Back 117

The Moody Blues

Front 118

What are the 2 things that synthesizers basically do?

Back 118

1. generate sounds by means of oscillators
2. they modify sounds by means of various devices such as filters, envelope shapers, and ring modulators.

Front 119

What is the term for the linkage between the cynthesizer and the computer?

Back 119

Musical Instrument Digital Interface

Front 120

What does MIDI stand for?

Back 120

Musical Instrument Digital Interface

Front 121

T or F
Electronic organs predate rock and roll.

Back 121

True

Front 122

Who introduced the electric organ in 1939?

Back 122

Louis Hammond

Front 123

List the 5 basic saxophones:

Back 123

1. soprano
2. alto
3. tenor
4. baritone
5. bass

Front 124

T or F
All of the types of saxophones have different shapes.

Back 124

False
All of the types of saxophones have basically the same shape

Front 125

Which of the 3: pop, R & B, or C & W, is the most important tributary to rock and roll?

Back 125

R & B

Front 126

What market was R & B in the 1940s and 1950s made up?

Back 126

Black america

Front 127

What market was made up of both black performers and black consumers prior to 1950s?

Back 127

R & B

Front 128

Describe the companies that served the R & B markets prior to 1950s?

Back 128

Small indies (independents)

Front 129

What region was the center to R & B prior to the 1950s?

Back 129

The South

Front 130

Name the area that most R & B singers traced their roots?

Back 130

1. New Orleans
2. Mississippi Delta
3. Alabama
4. Georgia
5. Tennessee
6. Florida

Front 131

Name the 3 cities that became the leading centers for R & B recording:

Back 131

1. New York City
2. Chicago
3. Los Angeles

Front 132

List the companies that became heavy hitters in R & B by the late 1940s:

Back 132

1. Atlantic (NYC)
2. Chess (Chicago)
3. Speciality (LA)
4. Imperial (LA)

Front 133

What is the term used to describe the musical scheme that R & B songs were based?

Back 133

12-bar blues - twelve bar blues

Front 134

T or F
R & B was rarely notated, usually worked outin rehearsal and loosely predtermined.

Back 134

True

Front 135

List the typical R & B combo(band)instruments

Back 135

1. guitars
2. bass
3. piano
4. drums
5. saxophone
6. harmonica

Front 136

How many chords are used in the 12-bar blues?

Back 136

3 chords

Front 137

Where did the power of R & B songs lie?

Back 137

The rhythm, thus RHYTHM and blues

Front 138

List some early R & B performers:

Back 138

1. Big Bill Broonzy
2. Bessie Smith
3. Howlin Wolf
4. Muddy Waters
5. Lightnin Hopkins
6. Ma Rainey
7. Joe Turner
8. Memphis Slim
9. T-Bone Walker
10. Elmore James
11. Otis Spann
12. B.B. King

Front 139

What is meant by the "blues progression"?

Back 139

standard 12-measure blues

Front 140

What is the term for the rhythmic pulses put into music by the composer or performer and heard and felt by the listener?

Back 140

Beats

Front 141

What is the term given to the units of groups of beats?

Back 141

Measures

Front 142

What is another word for measure?

Back 142

Bar

Front 143

How many bars are in each phrase in R & B?

Back 143

Each phrase is 4 bars long.

Front 144

How are phrases indicated in music notation?

Back 144

curving lines over the measures