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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the ecnomic impact of rock and roll.
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Enhanced fortunes of writers, artists, record companies, and deejays.
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Describe the aesthetic impact of rock and roll.
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Turned music toward African American styles and working class influence.
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Which 5 characteristics and events marked the early 1950's?
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Conservative politics, bland pop music, ridigity, conformity, soldiers returning home from war.
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What was the new identifiable market?
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Teens were a recognizable consumer group. There was also a noted increased demand for consumer products and use of sex to sell these products.
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Why did white, middle-class parents fear rock?
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It was urban, sexual, black and prepared teens to be mass consumers.
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Why did the established music industry lose control of mainstream culture?
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Independent record labels recognized that rock was not merely a passing fad and thus gained huge market share. Big record companies had no one to blame but themselves.
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Tactics of established record companies to thwart off rock and roll.
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Tried to divert mainstream to new sounds, tried to imitate rock, joined the government in the "War on Rock"
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Which record company was the most likely to support rock, but didn't?
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Columbia had largely promoted black artists in the past such as Johnny Ray (shirt ripper), and surprised the industry by not supporting rock.
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What was RCA's strategy to try to take advantage of rock's growing popularity?
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Get the most promising star, Elvis Presley. This was the "smartest decision the company ever made", as Presley carried them financially for years.
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The most successful cover record companies.
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Decca and Mercury.
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Describe cover records.
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Safer versions of r&b, doctored styles and lyrics. Example: "Shake, Rattle, and Roll" moved from the bedroom to the kitchen.
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Artist who "represents the epitome of cultural theft", has more cover songs to his name than any other artist and was known for his signature white shoes.
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Pat Boone (Dot Records) sanitized many classics which prevented his induction into the Hall of Fame.
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Viewed music as a product, released many "predatory" cover songs.
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Dot Records (Pat Boone)
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Name one positive aspect of cover songs.
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Exposed some songs to a larger audience, thereby increasing royalty payments.
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While major record companies ignored rock and roll, they had a great advantage over independents, which was _________?
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Major compaies could rely on other catalogues when not producing hits, thereby avoiding messy cover records.
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Tried to divert popular tastes away from rock toward Calypso and popularized folk music.
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RCA and Columbia.
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Started off as a folk singer, moved into Calypso music and is widely recognized for his humanitarian work.
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Harry Belafonte.
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San Franciscan group with college humor, preppy style, and a pop-folk-music sound that hinted at the folk revival to come.
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Kingston Trio.
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New generation of white, middle-class teen idols in the late 50s following the initial rush of rock excitement.
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Shlock Rock.
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Degree of separation between major and independent record companies with regards to shlock rock.
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Almost no separation.
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Major shlock hub where 3 key labels transformed several local teens into idols.
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Philadelphia.
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Shlock labels were primarily concerned with _______ over _________ and taught shlock teens how to do what?
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Labels were concerned with image and looks over natural talent and taught their teens how to walk, talk, act on stage, and even how to sing.
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What was the social function of Shlock Rock?
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To put a white, middle-class face on rock and roll.
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Common themes in Schlock rock lyrics.
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Teenage romances, innocence, etc. Characterized largely by Italian-Americans (anglicized, no accents).
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Only black Shlock rock star and his signature dance move.
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Chubby Checker, "The Twist". Name chosen to emulate Fats Domino.
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Television dance party started in Philadelphia hosted by Dick Clark.
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American Bandstand (1952)
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What concerns arose surrounding Dick Clark with regards to American Bandstand?
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Clark allegedly had financial interests in some of his performers (such as Duane Eddy and the Rebels) and allocated more time to promoting these groups in effort to help them gain popularity.
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Softer-spoken, less-rebellious version of Elvis; former child TV star with strong musical roots, unlike most teen idols.
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Ricky Nelson.
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Aspiring songwriter of Canadian and Middle Eastern descent.
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Paul Anka.
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What is the significance of the Brill Building in New York?
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Writers tried to professionalize rock like their predecessors of Tin Pan Alley. Tried to revert back to the TPA format of little collaboration between artists & songwriters.
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What are "leer-ics"? Who coined the term?
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Coined by Variety Magazine in reference to questionable/objectible phrases in rock lyrics
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What were some methods established by society to intervene with rock and roll?
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Municipal review boards, lists of banned songs produced by churches.
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How was the government involved in the rock and roll intervention?
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Loose government investigations lead to the payola hearings.
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What is payola?
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"Pay for play", referring to paying a deejay financially or sexually for heavy promotion of a song or artist.
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Who lead the payola hearings of 1959? Which individuals were the main targets?
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The government and ASCAP (along with Frank Sinatra) in an attempt to shut down BMI, whom they saw as the ringleader of rock. Deejays were also targets of payola hearings.
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The career of which Dee Jay was destroyed by the payola hearings?
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Alan Freed was found to have accepted over $30,000 in payola.
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The career of which personality was actually helped by the payola hearings?
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Dick Clark was never caught accepting payola because he was so strongy supported and protected by ABC.
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What year was Presely drafted to the army? When did he return?
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Drafted from 1958 and returned in 1960 to make several terrible movies.
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When did Little Richard join the ministry?
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Late 1950s.
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What year did Buddy Holly & Richie Valens die in a plane crash?
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1959.
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What ruined Jerry Lee Lewis' career?
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He married his cousin in 1958.
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Why was Chuck Berry arrested in 1959?
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Violation of the Mann Act.
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When was surf music popular and what was its connection to instrumental rock?
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Surf music rose from 1962-1964 and brought images of affluence to rock while popularizing instrumental rock.
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What was the first sport to have its own style of music?
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Surfing (1962-64).
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Who was the first surf group?
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Dick Dale and the Del Tones.
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Who was the definitive surf group? Who was the group composed of?
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The Beach Boys were comprised of the Wilson Brothers (Brian, Carl, Dennis), their cousin and a neighbor.
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Famous quote from the Beach Boys.
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"We're white and we sing white."
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Beach Boys' main writer and producer.
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Brian Wilson, who idolized Phil Spector, was a huge perfectionist and used drugs a lot, eventually leading to his departure from the group.
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What lead to the Beach Boys' downfall?
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They failed to release what could have been their biggest album, Smile, before Sgt. Pepper. Brian's departure also hurt the group.
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Who emerged as the new contenders for the surf crown following the Beach Boys' demise?
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Jan and Dean (both males) Their success was short-lived when Jan killed 3 people in a car accident and suffered brain damage.
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What was the underlying goal behind every attack on rock and roll and its institutions?
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An attempt to reclaim white, middle-class values in popular music.
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Was there any tension between rock and r&b in the late 50s?
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Yes, this strain eventually led to a distinct separation.
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