Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What were characteristics of the Classical Era?
|
-Clean lines and simpler
-Age of Enlightenment=progress, away from tradition -Industrial Revolution=power to middle class -Restraint--pulls back from Baroque |
|
|
What were characteristics of classical music?
|
-Elegant
-"Hummable" tunes -Chord changes--one chord repeated |
|
|
What was the Viennese School?
|
-Vienna, Austria
-Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven |
|
|
What instrument developed during this period?
|
Piano=more expressive
|
|
|
What was patronage?
|
Musician works for a family, fades during classical period
|
|
|
What was thematic development?
|
-Taking a theme and use as a building block
-Big piece w/ many movements -Unifying device |
|
|
What were the 4 forms of thematic development?
|
1.Sonata-allegro form=3 parts (exposition, development, recapitulation
2.Theme and variations=present theme, variation of theme, still recognize but not the same as beginning 3.Minuet 4.Rondo=have a theme, do something different, then theme again |
|
|
What is chamber music?
|
-Not a genre, any music written for a small ensemble
-One person to a part generally -No conductor -Not for concert hall |
|
|
What is a string quartet?
|
-Genre, most popular chamber music group
-2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello -1st movement fast, 2nd slow, 3rd, moderate, 4th very fast |
|
|
Who was Joseph Haydn?
|
-Austrian, choir boy until 16, taught himself composition
-Father of symphony and string quartet |
|
|
What piece did Haydn write?
|
-String Quartet Op.76
-"Emperor" string quartet, based on hymn written fro Austrian emperor -Theme and variations used |
|
|
What is a solo concerto?
|
-Solo instrument plus orchestra
-3 movements, longer piece -Cadenza=at end of 1st or last movement, orchestra stops--solo improv |
|
|
Who was Mozart?
|
Child prodigy, Austrian, at 8 wrote symphony, court composer
|
|
|
What was a piece by Mozart?
|
Piano Concerto in G major=1st movement fast, orchestra at beginning, then piano comes in, cadenza
|
|
|
What is a symphony?
|
Extended multi-movement composition for a large orchestra, root in Italian opera overture
|
|
|
Who was Beethoven?
|
-German, musical family, prodigy, pianist, went deaf at end
-Public concerts developed |
|
|
What was a piece by Beethoven?
|
1st movement fast, 2nd slow, 3rd scherzo, 4th fast
|
|
|
What were changes in opera?
|
-From tragic--happier, humor
-Native language now -Opera senia=serious, castrata -Comic opera=down to earth, funny |
|
|
What was the basso buffa?
|
Base singer with a funny part
|
|
|
What was an opera Mozart wrote?
|
Don Giovanni, "catalog aria"=Spanish lover (Don) would stop at nothing to get a girl
|
|
|
What were characteristics of the Romantic era?
|
-All about feelings, emotions, imagination
-Middle class has more power -Commerce and industry rise -Growth of cities -Nature as major influence -Bohemian--"starving artist"=to shock ppl, free lifestyle |
|
|
What were characteristics of romantic music?
|
-Rise of conservatories=special schools for music
-Instrumental improvements -Extremes: dynamics more powerful, ranges on instruments, bigger orchestra |
|
|
What is orchestration?
|
Technique of setting instruments in different combinations
|
|
|
What was nationalism?
|
Political movement, pride for homeland and culture, folk songs that represent country
|
|
|
What was exoticism?
|
Write music to reflect a foreign country
|
|
|
What was an art song?
|
-Composition for solo voice and piano on equal footing
-Text painting in piano part -Lied(er)=German art song |
|
|
What were the types of art songs?
|
1.Strophic=verses, but use same music (same melody)
2.Through-composed=new verses w/ new melody 3.Modified strophic=combination |
|
|
Who was Franz Schubert?
|
German, poor not-musical family, prodigy, Bohemian
|
|
|
What did Schubert write?
|
The Elfking=German, literature character (nationalism bc culture)
|
|
|
Who was Chopin?
|
Mostly wrote for piano, "poet of the piano", wrote mazurkas and polonaises
|
|
|
What was the piano miniature?
|
Genre, short pieces for piano
|
|
|
What is program music?
|
-Instrumental music w/ a pictoral or literary component
-Piece is titled, sometimes w/ explanatory note -Associate piece w/ something (stories, themes, characters) |
|
|
What is absolute music?
|
Opposite of program music, instrumental w/ no theme or descriptive title
|
|
|
What are the genres of program music?
|
1.Concert overture=origin from opera, 1 movement piece for orchestra bout a literary element
2.Incidental music=overture plus pieces in between acts in a play 3.Program symphony=symphony 4 orchestra w/ titles 4.Tone poem=orchestral music, 1 movement free structure |
|
|
Who was Berlioz?
|
French Romantic composer, liked Beethoven and Shakespear, orchestration
|
|
|
What did Berlioz compose?
|
Symphony Fantastic=passion for Shakespearian actress, program symphony, 5 movements (w/ titles)
|
|
|
Who was Smetana?
|
Bohemian, nationalistic music, composer pianist and teacher
|
|
|
What did Smetana write?
|
The Moldau=river is Bohemia, tone poem, starts with flutes
|
|
|
What is Ballet and what's it's history?
|
-Started in Italy, but very French
-Louis 14th started dance school -Included in French operas |
|
|
Who was Tchaikovsky?
|
Russian, depression, 1st Russian who appealed to Europeans
|
|
|
What did Tchaikovsky write?
|
The Nutcracker, "Trepak"=Russian dance in the ballet
|
|
|
What national styles emerged in opera?
|
-Verdi=Italian composer, sensored a lot
-Germany=Wagner, "music drama" (continuous melody), stereotypical characters |
|
|
What new German genre appeared?
|
Leitmotifs=snipits of music based on a character, place, or mood. Used today in movies
|
|
|
What were characteristics of French opera?
|
-Grand Opera=Berlioz, huge
-Operetta=lighter, some spoken dialogue, shorter scenes |
|
|
Who was Puccini?
|
Poor, really good melodies and orchestra parts
|
|
|
What did Puccini write?
|
Madama Butterfly "un bel di"=aria for opera, verismo (true to life), 15 yr old geisha
|
