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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Baroque Era
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1600-1750
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Basso Continuo
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bassline in which chords are continuously added
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Walking Bass
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All note lengths of bassline are the same
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Figured Bass
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Musical Shorthand. Harpsicord added chords to Figured Bass bassline
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Ground Bass
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Music in which the bass line is written first (from the “ground up”)
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Basso Ostinato
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“persistent” bass, a short musical gesture that is repeated over and over again
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Concerto
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A large composition for orchestra featuring a solo instrument
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Concerto Grosso
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The main early Baroque type of concerto, for a group of featured soloists and a full orchestra
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Movement
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A self-contained section of a larger piece, such as a symphony or concerto grosso, “Chapter in a book”
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Ritornello
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The orchestral material at the beginning of a concerto grosso, will always return later in the piece. Form: (Rit -> Solo 1 -> [Rit] -> Solo 2 -> [Rit] -> Solo 3)
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Dance Suite
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A collection of miscellaneous dances together in a genre
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Orchestral Suite
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A composition of miscellaneous orchestral performances
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Fugue
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A composition written systematically in imitative polyphony, usually with a single main theme, the fugue subject
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Exposition
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The first section of a fugue. Exposes all musical content for the remainder of the piece. Begins with a single voice playing the subject. When voice 2 begins, voice 1 switches to a countermelody and voice 2 carries the subject. Expo finishes when the final voices finishes the subject. An intermediate bridge can split the Expo.
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Subject
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the principal theme of a fugue
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Countersubject
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In a fugue, a subsidiary melodic line that appears regularly in counterpoint with the subject
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Episode
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In a fugue, the composer plays around with preexisting musical ideas. At the conclusion of the episode, the subject is restated.
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Opera
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Drama presented in music, with the characters singing instead of speaking. Features recitative, aria, and chorus. Tells a secular story. For a paying audience. Includes sets and costumes
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Recitative
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A half-singing, half-reciting style of presenting words in opera, cantata, oratorio, etc. following speech accents and speech rhythms closely. Forwards the plot in an opera, characterized by little accompaniment, not melodic, and not repetitive
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Aria
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A vocal number for a solo singer and orchestra, generally in an opera, cantata, or oratorio (Focuses on emotion, more accompaniment, melodic, repetitive)
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Opera Seria
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A term for the serious, heroic opera of the Baroque period in Italy
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Libretto
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The complete book of words for an opera, oratorio, cantata, etc.
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Librettist
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One who writes Libretto
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Secco Recitative
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One singer continuing the plot with dry/very minimal accompaniment. (Secco = dry)
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Accompanied Recitative
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A recitative that involves some accompaniment from an orchestra. More song-like than Secco Recitative.
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Da Capo Aria
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An aria sung in ABA' form. The final A' features lots of ornamentation and improvisation, though some of the differences may be subtle.
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Castrato
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Men who submitted themselves to castration to preserve their alto or soprano voices
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Opera Buffa
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Comedic Opera
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Oratorio
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Long semidramatic piece on a religious subject for soloists, chorus, and orchestra (Religious opera). Features recitative, aria, and chorus. For a paying audience (not part of a church service, but performed in a church). No sets/costumes. Usually 1-3 hours long.
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Handel
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wrote German and Italian operas, the most famous being Julius Caesar
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Chorus
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A part of a song that is repeated after each verse
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Cantata
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A composition in several movements for solo voices, instruments, and also perhaps chorus (can be Secular Cantatas or Church Cantatas). Initially performed for the Lutheran church service. Last about 15-30 minutes.
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Chorale
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German for hymn, also used for a four-part harmonization of a Lutheran hymn. Part of Cantata
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Chorale Prelude
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An organ composition based on a chorale tune
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Stops
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Single sets of pipes on organs, cover the entire pitch range in a particular tone color
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Bach
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Wrote cantatas for churches, music was mainly disregarded while he was alive, but his compositions weren't admired until 100 years after his death (1685-1750). Was known to be an organ virtuoso
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