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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the dates of the baroque era?
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1600-1750
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names of 2 baroque eras?
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early baroque: period of innovation
late baroque: period of refinement |
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what was the name of the baroque ideology that each movement of a piece must adhere to only one mood?
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doctrine of affections
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What genre did the Florentino Camerata help to develop?
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opera
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What was Purcell known as?
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the greatest of all English composers (not Handel, because Handel was german. Bach was also german)
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What is figured bass?
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musical shorthand. placed numbers that indicated the harmony required relative to the base note
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What is ostinato base, or ground bass?
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a bass line that continously repeats over and over again throughout the entire piece (like cannon)
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What is basso continuo?
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plays an accompanimental, or foundational bass line underneath a soloist, or group of soloists (at least two ibstruments, typically played by the harpsichord or cello). heard almost exclusively in baroque music
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For what type of work was Vivaldi remembered?
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concertos. known as the "father of concertos" because he refined it
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What are the parts of the fugue?
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exposition, episode, restatement
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define exposition
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first part of the fugue. subject (or main theme), then countersubject
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define episode
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second part of the fugue. sequences. where the subject is not heard
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define restatement
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last part of fugue. restates the subject. Usually accompanied by the counter subject
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What is the difference between an opera and an oratorio?
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Oratorio, or cantatas, we're not staged
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What is the difference between a concerto and a concerto grosso?
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Concertos only have one soloist accompanied by orchestra, and concerto grosso have a group of soloists accompanied by an orchestra
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What is the difference between an Italian overture and a French overture?
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The form, Italian overtures are aba form (fast, slow, fast) and french overtures are ab form (slow, fast)
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define ritornello form
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popularized by Vivaldi, evolved out of rondo form. tutti, concerto, tutti, concerto etc
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Define chamber Sonata
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A baroque Sonata with dance movements
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Define arioso
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A blend between recitative and Aria
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Who was the Florentine Camerata?
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A group who sought to recapture the expressive power of music. They believed words were most powerful when sung not spoken
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Define cadenza
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A virtuosic section of the concerto with a soloist improvises
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Define idiomatic writing
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Writing to the strengths and weaknesses of voice or instruments. Vivaldi coined term when writing music for the girls in his school
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What was the major tonality of the Baroque?
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Major and minor
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Who was montraverdi?
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He was the last great madrigalist, first great opera composer (the transition)
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define monody
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expressive solo singing to simple accompaniment
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define terraced dynamics
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shifting volume of sound suddenly from one level to another
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define opera
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a stage play expressed through music
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define libretto
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Text of operas
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define overature
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the opening instrumental piece
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define recitative
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musically heightened speach, through which the opera is communicated to the audience.
no meter or beat |
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What type of bass accompanies recitative in the baroque opera?
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basso continuo
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define aria
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more passionate, tuneful than recitative. has clear meter and regular rhythm. If recitative tells what is happening on stage, an aria conveys what the character feels about these events.
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What typically accompanies operatic arias?
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Not only basso continuo, but also all or part of the orchestra
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What are the two main styles of singing in baroque opera?
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The recitative and Aria
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Name all three styles of opera
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Recitative, Aria, arioso
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define toccata
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An instrumental showpiece
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Instead of the typical overture, what did momteverdi use to open his opera Orfeo?
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a toccata, with trumpet, strings and a full orchestra
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Define Cornetto
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Woodwind instrument of the Renaissance and Baroque that sounded something like a cross between a trumpet and a clarinet
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Define chamber cantata
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Something sung for solo voice and a few accompanying instruments, intended to be performed at home or a private chamber thus it is a type of chamber music
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Who was the greatest of all English composers?
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Henry Purcell
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What was among the first operas written in the English language?
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Purcell's Dido and Aeneas
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Define Orchestra
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An ensemble of musicians organized around a core of strings with added woodwinds in brasses playing under a leader
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Define Sonata
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a type of instrumental chamber music, music for the home with just one player per part
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Define solo Sonata
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Written for a solo keyboard instrument such as a harpsichord, or for solo melody instrument, such as a violin
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Define trio sonata
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3 musical lines, 2 melody instruments plus base
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Can a trio sonata have 4 musical instruments?
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Yes for when a harpsichord joins with the bass to form the basso continuo, 4 players actually perform
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What is the most common musical form for baroque dances?
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Binary form, ab
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Define walking bass
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A bass that moves at a moderate, steady pace, mostly in equal note values and often stepwise up or down the scale
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Define concerto
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Musical composition marked by a friendly contest or competition between a soloist and an orchestra
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Define the groups of the tutti
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2 groups. One large group forming the basic orchestra (concerto grosso) and a small group of one, 3 or 4 soloists, called the concertino
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Define melodic sequence
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Repetition of a musical motive that at a successively higher or lower degrees of the scale.
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Define dance suite
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The collection of instrumental dances, each with its own distinctive rhythm and character
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What is the name of the theme in a fugue?
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subject
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Define a fugue
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A composition for 2, 3, 4, or five parts, played or sung by voices are instruments, which begins with a presentation of a subject in imitation each part, exposition, continues with modulating of free counterpoint (episodes) and further appearances of the subject, and ends with a strong affirmation of the tonic key
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define pedal point
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a note, usually in the bass that is sustained for a time while harmonies change around it
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define cantata (or church contata)
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"something sung". consists of several movements, including arias, ariosos, and recitatives; can be on secular subjects and intended for private performance or on religious subjects
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define chorale
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a spiritual melody or religious folk song of the Lutheran Church
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define da capo form
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ternary form for an aria, bc the performers when reaching for b, "take it from the head" and repeat a
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define prelude
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a short preparatory piece that sets a mood and serves as a technical warmup for the player before the fugue
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What was the art of the fugue?
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Bach's last project. an encyclopedic treatment of all known contrapuntal procedures set forth in 19 cannons and fugues
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define dance suite
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a collection of dances, usually 2 to 7 in number all in one key and for one group of instruments, be it full orchestra, trio or solo
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define opera seria
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a type of Italian opera produced by handel. long, 3 act works that chronicled the triumphs and tragedies of kinds and queens, gods and goddesses.
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define oratorio
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sacred music sung in a special hall or chapel, intended to inspire the faithful to greater devotion.
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what are the charaxteristics of pastoral aria
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1.melody glides along mainly in stepwise motion
2. harmony changes slowly over a drone, in imitation of Shepard bagpipes |
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What country did baroque music first appear?
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Italy early 17th century
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What for was bach's wachet auf?
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aab form
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