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95 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Where was beethoven born?

Bonn


Which composer spanned the boundary from classical to romantic?

Beethoven

What 3 advances did Beethoven contribute to the classical genre?

1. Enlarged orchestra


2. Changed musical structures


3. Added chorus to symphony

Which two composers from the classical/romantic era studies together briefly?

Beethoven and Haydn

Beethoven's patron was who?

Prince Lichnowsky

Beethoven's middle period was also known as what?

His heroic period

What major event happened to beethoven in his middle period?

Discovered he was going deaf

In what period did beethoven write Ode to Joy?

Late period

Which composer's music is the most frequently heard and played?

Beethoven

What does "scherzo" mean?

Joke



What was Beethoven's most famous symphony?

5th (short short short LONG)

Which composer started the trend of telling narratives with instrumental works?

Beethoven

Writers Goethe and Schiller influenced composers in which period?

Romantic

In what period were the tuba and saxophone invented?

Romantic

What is program music?

Tells story/represents something

What is absolute music?

Music doesn't represent anything

What is a song cycle?

songs share a theme or create a narrative

Romantic music was interested in what 3 things?

1. Personal thoughts


2. Supernatural


3. Middle ages

Romanticism was driven by what two movements?

1. Nationalism


2. Colonialism

Virtuoso playing focuses on what?

The individual

Why was Mendelssohn baptized?

To protect him and his sister from anti-jewish sentiment

Who was Mendelssohn's closest friend?

His sister Fanny



Mendelssohn's music differed in what two ways from other Romantic composers?

1. Lighter


2. Smaller scale

Mendelssohn composed which 3 types of music?

Orchestral, choral, piano

What was her brother's and father's reaction to Fanny Mendelssohn composing music?

They disapproved

What are Lieder?

Art songs; solo songs for voice, piano

What 4 types of music did Fanny Mendelssohn compose?

1. Lieder


2. Cantatas


3. Chamber music


4. Piano

What was Chopin's background?

French/polish

What does 'rubato' mean?

player keeps tempo in accompaniment; melody slows down before catching up

Who's music was described as "poetry for the piano"?

Chopin

What were Chopin's piano pieces based off of?

Polish dances

What stopped Schumann from continuing to play the piano?

He injured his hand overpracticing

Where did Schumann die?

In a mental institution

Schumann wrote what sort of music?

Character pieces grouped into cycles for the piano

What was Clara Schumann known for?

Famous concert pianist

What sort of music did Clara Schumann write?

Piano songs, chamber music

What did Clara Schumann do after Franz' death?

Wrote no more music

What are 3 Romantic era advancements?

1. Piano went from 5 to 7 octaves


2. Most audiences were middle class


3. Composers were middle class

Where was Berlioz from?

France

What period was Berlioz associated with?

Romanic

What 3 events greatly affected Berlioz?

1. Hearing Beethoven


2. Shakespeare's plays


3. Reading Groeth's 'Faust'



How was Berlioz' music received by the French?

Spurned for being too emotional, demanding, unconventional

Berlioz abandoned medical school to do what?

Study at the Paris conservatory of Music

What is a Mazurka?

Triple meter Polish dance

What is a piano miniature?

Short song for solo piano

What is a prelude?

Short piece

What is an etude?

Short, difficult piece to practice a musical skill

What is a nocturne?

Piece inspired by the night

What is an impromptu?

Solo that sounds improvisational

What is a polonaise?

Short, stately polish dance

What was the centre of Italian opera?

Milan

What was the famous italian opera house?

La scala

Why did Verdi decide not to compose any more?

His children and wife died

What opera libretto inspired Verdi to compose again?

Nabucco

What was "Aida" commissioned for?

To celebrate the opening of the Suez canal

Which composer was named an honorary member of parliament in Italy?

Verdi

When Verdi died, what happened?

National day of mourning

List 4 differences between Grand Opera and Comic opera

1. Grand opera has spectacular staging


2. Grand opera has lofty subject; comic opera has down-to-earth plot


3. Grand opera has choruses, arias, recitatives; comic opera has simpler music style


4. Grand opera has no spoken dialogue; comic opera has some

What is a Lyric opera?

Between a grand and comic oera

What is the typical subject of a Lyric opera?

Tragic love



Grand opera, comic opera, and lyric opera are examples of what country's opera?

France

Othello is an example of what type of opera?

Tragic opera

Who wrote Othello (music)?

Mostly Verdi

Who was the most famous German opera composer?

Wagner

After the Napoleonic wars and the rise of Nationalism, what language were operas written in?

Native

Hitler/Nazis appropriated who's music?

Wagner

Why did Wagner flee to Zurich?

A failed coup against the monarchy

The Ring of the Nibelungs is an example of what genre?

Musical Drama

How are Leitmotivs different from idee fixe?

Idée fixe only refers to people, not objects

What was the Ring of the Nibelungs based on?

Medieval german legend

Who funded the Ring cycle?

King Ludvig of Bavaria

What does arioso mean?

1/2 aria, 1/2 leitmotiv

Where was the Ring of the nibelungs performed?

At the new opera house for musical dramas in Bayreuth

How did Puccini get his big break?

While he was performing at a private party

What does "verisimo" operas mean?

realist operas

How did Puccini express exotic locations?

Unusual scales

What were the 3 most important types of works in the mid-romantic era?

1. Solo piano


2. Symphonic programme music


3. Opera

Symphonic program music can be subdivided into what two categories?

1. Programmatic symphony


2. Symphonic poem

What is a programmatic symphony?

Each movement depicts episode of narrative

Where was Liszt from?

Hungary

What is a symphonic poem?

Single-movement, programmatic work for symphony

What did Beethoven do when he heard Liszt play?

Kissed him

Who were the two most avant-garde composers of the Mid-romantic era?

Wagner and Liszt

Who were the 4 most important composers of the mid-romantic era?

1. Verdi


2. Wagner


3. Liszt


3. Tchaikovsky

Long, thin fingers meant what for Lizst's piano playing?

He could play tenths easily

Who composed for Hamlet?

Liszt

What characterized hungarian rhapsodies?

Nationalist music


Was Thaikovsky a nationalist?

No

Where did Tchaikovsky work?

Professor at music conservatory in Moscow

Tchaikovsky turns to music at 14 because why?

His mother died

Who's melodies became part of movie soundtracks?

Tchaikovsky

Madame von meck became Tchaikovsky's patron on what condition?

They never met



Tchaikovsky composed what two famous works?

1. Swan lake


2. Sleeping beauty

What happened why Tchaikovsky was 37?

Married, ran away, attempted suicide, nervous breakdown

Modest Mussorsky was an example of what?

Nationalist composer