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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SKIN DISORDERS
Impetigo |
Superficial skin infection. Honey crusting. Highly contagious.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Dermatitis |
A group of inflammatory pruritic skin disorders. Etiology: allergy (usually type IV hypersensitivity), chemical injury, or infection.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Atopic dermatitis |
Pruritic eruption, commonly on flexor surfaces. Often assoc'd with other atopic disseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis).
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SKIN DISORDERS
Allergic contact dermatitis |
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction that follows exposure to allergen (poison ive, poison oak, nickel, rubber, chemicals). Lesions occur at site of contact.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Psoriasis |
Epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis) with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei still in stratum corneum) especially on knees and elbows. Increased stratum spinosum, decreased stratum granulosum (see Color Image 65). Auspitz sign.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Dermititis herpetiformis |
Pruritic papules and vesicles. Deposits of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae. Assoc'd with celiac disease.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Lichen planus |
Pruritic, purple polygonal papules; infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermoepidermal junction.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Erythema multiforme |
Assoc'd with infections, drugs, cancers, and autoimmune dissease. Presents with multiple types of lesions, including macules, papules, vesicles, and tartet lesions (red papules with a pale central area).
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (sulfa and anticonvulsant drugs) is the major form of erythema multiforme. Characterized by high fever, bulla formation and necrosis, ulceration of skin, and a high mortality rate. |
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SKIN DISORDERS
Seborrheic keratosis |
Flat, pigmented squamous spithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts (horn cysts). Benign.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Actinic keratosis |
Caused by sun exposure. Small, rough erythematous or brownish papules, Premalignant lesion. Risk of carcinoma is proportional to epithelial dysplasia.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Keloid |
Tumore of connective tissue elements of dermis that cuases raised, thickened scars. Follows trauma to skin, especially in African-Americans.
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SKIN DISORDERS
Bullous pemphigoid |
Autoimmune disorder with IgG antibody against epidermal basement membrane hemidesmosomes (linear immunofluorescence). Similar to but less severe than pemphigus vulgaris - affects skin but spares oral mucosa (see Color Image 64).
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SKIN DISORDERS
Pemphigus vulgaris |
Potentially fatal autoimmune skin disorder. Intraepidermal bullae involving the oral mucosa and skin. Findings: acantholysis (breakdown of epithelial cell-to-cell junctions), IgG antibody against epidermal cell surface desmosomes (immunofluorescence throughtout epidermis) (see Color Image 63).
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SKIN DISORDERS
Verrucae (warts) |
Soft, tan-colored, cauliflowerlike lesions. Epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, koilocytoses. Verruca vulgaris on hands, condyloma acuminatum on genitals.
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SKIN CANCER
Squamous cell carcinoma |
Very common. Accoc'd with excessive exposure to sunlight & arsenic exposure. Commonly appear on hands & face. Locally invasive, but rarely metastasizes. Histopathology: keratin "pears" (see Color Image 60)
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SKIN CANCER
Basal cell carcinoma |
Most common in sun-exposed areas of body. Locally invasive, but almost never metastasizes. Gross pathology: pearly papules (see Color Image 62).
Basal cell tumors have "palisading" nuclei. |
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SKIN CANCER
Melanoma |
Common tumore with significant risk of metastasis. Assoc'd with sunlight exposure; fair-skinned persons are at increased risk. Incidence increased. Depth of tumor correlates with risk of metastasis (see Color Image 61).
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SKIN CANCER
What is the precursor to squamous cell carcinoma? |
Antinic keratosis is a precursor to Squamouse cell carcinoma.
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SKIN CANCER
What is a precursor to Melanoma? |
Dysplastic nevus is a precursor to melanoma.
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors-Benign What are the five benign primary bone tumors? |
1. Osteoid osteoma
2. Osteoblastoma 3. Giant cell tumor 4. Osteochondroma (exostosis) 5. Enchondroma |
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors - Benign Osteoid osteoma? |
Interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surronded by osteoblasts. <2 cm and found in proximal tibia and femur
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors - Benign Osteoblastoma? |
Same morphologically as osteoid osteoma, but larger and found in vertebral column
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors - Benign Giant cell tumor? |
Occurs most commonly at epiphyseal end of long bones. Peak incidence 20-40 years old. Locally aggressive benign tumor often around the distal femur, proximal tibial region. Characteristic "double bubble" or "soap bubble" appearance on x-ray. Spindle-shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells.
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors - Benign Osteochondroma (exostosis) |
Most common benign bone tumor. Mature bone with cartilaginous cap. Usually in men <25 years of age. Commonly originates from long metaphysis. Malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma is rare.
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors - Benign Enchondroma |
Benign cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone. Usually distal extremities (vs. chondrosarcoma).
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors- Malignant What are the 3 malignant primary bone tumors? |
1. Osteosarcoma (osteogenic carcinoma)
2. Ewing's sarcoma 3. Chondrosarcoma |
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors- Malignant Osteosarcoma (osteogenic carcinoma) |
Most common primary malignant tumor of bone. Peak incidence in men 10-20 years old. Commonly found in the metaphysis of long bones. Predisposing factors include Paget's disease of bone, bone enfarcts, radiation, and familial retinoblastoma. Codman's triangle (from elevation of periosteum) on x-ray.
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors- Malignant Ewing's sasrcoma |
Anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor. Most common in boys <15. Extremely aggressive with early mets, but responisive to chemotherapy. Characteristic "onion-skin" appearance in bone ("going out for Ewings and onion rings") Commonly appears in diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula, and ribs. 11;22 translocation
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SKIN CANCER
Primary Bone Tumors- Malignant Chondrosarcoma |
Malignant cartilaginous tumor. Most common in men agend 30-60. Usually located in pelvis, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia, or femur. May be of primary origin or from osteochondroma. Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity. See drawing page 332)
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SKIN CANCER
Buerger's disease |
Also known as thromboangiitis obliterans; idiopathic, segmental, thrombosing vasculitis of intermediate and small peripheral arteries and veins. Seen in heavy smokers.
Findings: Intermittent claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis, cold sensitivity (Raynaud's phenomenon), severe pain in affected part; may lead to gangrene. Treatment: Quit smoking |
