Musculoskeletal Terms

Front 1

bone marrow

Back 1

soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones

Front 2

articulation

Back 2

a joint; the point where two bones come together

Front 3

ligament

Back 3

a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

Front 4

synovial membrane

Back 4

membrane lining the capsule of a joint

Front 5

synovial fluid

Back 5

lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

Front 6

striated muscle

Back 6

voluntary striated muscle attached to the skeleton

Front 7

smooth muscle

Back 7

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

Front 8

cardiac muscle

Back 8

muscle of the heart

Front 9

tendon

Back 9

a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone

Front 10

anterior

Back 10

front of the body

Front 11

posterior

Back 11

back of the body

Front 12

superior

Back 12

situated above another structure, toward the head

Front 13

inferior

Back 13

situated below another structure, away from the head

Front 14

proximal

Back 14

toward the beginning or origin of a structure

Front 15

distal

Back 15

away from the beginning or origin of a structure

Front 16

medial

Back 16

toward the middle

Front 17

lateral

Back 17

toward the side

Front 18

decubitus

Back 18

lying down, especially in bed

Front 19

recumbent

Back 19

lying down

Front 20

supine

Back 20

horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back

Front 21

arthralgia

Back 21

joint pain

Front 22

atrophy

Back 22

shrinking of tissue such as muscle

Front 23

flaccid

Back 23

flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone

Front 24

hypertrophy

Back 24

increase in the size of tissue such as muscle

Front 25

hypotonia

Back 25

reduced muscle tone or tension

Front 26

myalgia

Back 26

muscle pain

Front 27

ostealgia

Back 27

bone pain

Front 28

rigor

Back 28

stiffness; stiff muscle

Front 29

spasm

Back 29

drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle

Front 30

spastic

Back 30

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements

Front 31

tetany

Back 31

tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction

Front 32

tremor

Back 32

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

Front 33

ankylosis

Back 33

stiff joint condition

Front 34

osteoarthritis

Back 34

most common form of arthritis that especially affects weight-bearing joints; characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage

Front 35

gouty arthritis

Back 35

acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint caused by hyperuricemia (excessive level of uric acid in the blood)

Front 36

bony necrosis

Back 36

dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply such as can occur after a fracture

Front 37

bunion

Back 37

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa

Front 38

bursitis

Back 38

inflammation of a bursa

Front 39

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 39

condition that results from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist, characterized by pain, numbness, and tingling in the wrist and fingers and weak grip; commonly seen as a result of cumulative trauma of surrounding tendons

Front 40

fracture

Back 40

a broken or cracked bone

Front 41

herniated disk

Back 41

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

Front 42

myeloma

Back 42

bone marrow tumor

Front 43

myositis

Back 43

inflammation of a muscle

Front 44

myoma

Back 44

muscle tumor

Front 45

muscular dystrophy

Back 45

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles

Front 46

osteosarcoma

Back 46

type of malignant bone tumor

Front 47

osteomalacia

Back 47

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency

Front 48

osteomyelitis

Back 48

infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation

Front 49

osteoporosis

Back 49

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture

Front 50

kyphosis

Back 50

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine

Front 51

scoliosis

Back 51

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Front 52

sprain

Back 52

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture

Front 53

subluxation

Back 53

a partial dislocation

Front 54

tendonitis

Back 54

inflammation of a tendon

Front 55

analgesic

Back 55

a drug that relieves pain

Front 56

antipyretic

Back 56

a drug that relieves fever