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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of the musculoskeletal system
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~provide support
~produce movement ~protects internal tissus and organs ~produces RBCs ~stores minerals |
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skeleton
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~consists of 206 bones
~stores calcium, magnesium, phosphorus |
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bone marrow
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~soft material found in the center of bones
~responsible for RBC production |
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skeletal muscles
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~attached to bones by tendons
~provide body movement and posture |
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ligaments
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~connect bones to bones
~encircle joints to add strength & stability |
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tendons
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~connect muscles to bones
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joint
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~articulation of two bone surfaces
~provide stabilization and permit locomotion |
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synovium
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~membrane that lines a joint's inner surfaces
~reduces friction in joints thru its production of synovial fluid |
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cartilage
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~specialized tissue that serves as a smooth surface for articulating bones
~absorbs shock to joints ~serves as padding to reduce friction |
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electromyography
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~uses electrodes to create a graphic recording of the muscle @ rest during contraction
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arthroscopy
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~direct view of a joint
~PRE:admins antibiotics ~POST:pressure dressing to injection site |
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arthrocentesis
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~synovial fluid removal thru needle
~PRE:admins antibiotics ~POST:pressure dressing on aspiration site |
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bone scan
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~image used to reveal bone abnormalities
~informed consent ~radioisotope injected IV ~large amts of fluid to enhance excretion of isotope that isnt absorbed by bone tissue |
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myelogram
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~injection of radiopaque dye into spine during a lumbar puncture
~dye allows visualization of vertebrae ~PRE:informed consent ~allergies 2 iodine ~POST:bed rest ~check 4 bleeding ~fluids |
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xray
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~noninvasive
~provides a radiographic image of bones/joints ~not 4 pregnant |
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magnetic resonance imaging
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~magnetic/radio waves to create visualization of bones
~no pacemakers, surg/ortho hardware, shrapnel ~remove jewelry/metal objects |
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blood chemistry test
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~analyze a blood sample for K, Na, Ca, phosphorus, ketones, glucose, osmolality, chloride, body urea nitrogen, creatinine
~NPO before ~check 4 bleeding |
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hematologic studies
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~analyze a blood sample for RBC, WBC, ESR, platelets, HGB, HCT
~check 4 bleeding |
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coagulation studies
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~analyze a blood sample for PT, INR, PTT
~doc meds ~check 4 bleeding |
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types of joints
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~synarthrosis
~amphiarthrosis ~diarthrosis |
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synarthrosis
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~no movement
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amphiarthrosis
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~slight movement
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diarthrosis
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~free movement
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axial skeleton
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~skull
~vertebral column ~thorax |
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appendicular skeleton
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~upper extremities
~lower extremities ~shoulder girdle ~pelvic girdle |
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tendon sheaths
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~tubelike connective tissue that enclosed tendons in the wrists & ankles
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synaptic cleft
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~small gap btwn nerve & muscle cell
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acetylcholine
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~neurotransmitter (chemical) that travels through the fluid to stimulate the muscle fiber
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cholinesterase
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~enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine after the message has been delivered
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flexion
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~the angle btwn two bones is decreased
~EX: arm bent @ elbow |
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extension
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~angle btwn two bones is increased
~EX: leg is extended |
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hyperextension
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~angle btwn two bones is greater than 180 degrees
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abduction
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~movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body
~EX: arms straight out |
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adduction
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~movmement of an extremity toward the axis of the body
~EX: arms to the side |
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rotation
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~movement of the bone around its longitudinal axis
~pivot motion ~EX: shaking head "no" |
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supination
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~hand and forearm that causes the palm to face upward or forward
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pronation
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~hand and forearm that causes palm to face downward or backward
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dorsiflexion
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~movement of the top of the foot to elevate or tilt upward
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plantar flexion
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~movement that causes the toes to point downward
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