Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

Acetabulum

Back 1

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

Front 2

acromion

Back 2

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

Front 3

Articular cartilage

Back 3

This layer of cartilage surrounding the bone in the joint space

Front 4

bone

Back 4

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton, Examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).

Front 5

calcium

Back 5

One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

Front 6

cancellous bone

Back 6

Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of the bone.

Front 7

cartilaginous tissue

Back 7

Flexible, rubbery connective tissue, It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces.

Front 8

collagen

Back 8

Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

Front 9

compact bone

Back 9

Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.

Front 10

condyle

Back 10

Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint.

Front 11

Cranial bones

Back 11

Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.

Front 12

diaphysis

Back 12

Shaft, or mid-portion, of the long bone.

Front 13

disk (disc)

Back 13

Flat, round, plate-like structure. an intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.

Front 14

epiphyseal plate

Back 14

Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.

Front 15

epiphysis

Back 15

Each end of the long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.

Front 16

facial bones

Back 16

Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic.

Front 17

fissure

Back 17

Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones.

Front 18

fontanelle

Back 18

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bone an infant.

Front 19

foramen

Back 19

Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. The foramen magnums is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Front 20

fossa

Back 20

Shallow cavity in a bone.

Front 21

Haversian canals

Back 21

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.

Front 22

malleolus

Back 22

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.

Front 23

manubrium

Back 23

Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.

Front 24

mastoid process

Back 24

Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.

Front 25

medullary cavity

Back 25

Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.

Front 26

metaphysis

Back 26

Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta-means between)

Front 27

olecranon

Back 27

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.

Front 28

osseous tissue

Back 28

Bone tissue

Front 29

ossification

Back 29

Process of bone formation

Front 30

osteoblast

Back 30

Bone cell that helps form bony tissue.

Front 31

osteoclast

Back 31

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.

Front 32

periosteum

Back 32

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.

Front 33

phosphorus

Back 33

Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

Front 34

pubic symphysis

Back 34

Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined (sym- means together, -physis means to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disk.

Front 35

red bone marrow

Back 35

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.

Front 36

ribs

Back 36

Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.

Front 37

sella turica

Back 37

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.

Front 38

Sinus

Back 38

Hollow air cavity within a bone

Front 39

styloid process

Back 39

Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.

Front 40

suture

Back 40

joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium).

Front 41

temporomandibular joint

Back 41

Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.

Front 42

trabeculae

Back 42

Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone.

Front 43

trochanter

Back 43

Large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons.

Front 44

tubercle

Back 44

Rounded, small process on bone; attachement site for muscles and tendons.

Front 45

tuberosity

Back 45

Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.

Front 46

vertebra

Back 46

Individual backbone composed of vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina, and neural canal.

Front 47

xiphoid process

Back 47

Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.

Front 48

Yellow bone marrow

Back 48

Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones.

Front 49

calc/o, calci/o

Back 49

calcium

Front 50

kyph/o

Back 50

humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

Front 51

lamin/o

Back 51

lamina (part of the vertebral arch

Front 52

lord/o

Back 52

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

Front 53

lumb/o

Back 53

loins, lower back

Front 54

myel/o

Back 54

bone marrow

Front 55

orth/o

Back 55

straight

Front 56

oste/o

Back 56

bone

Front 57

scoli/o

Back 57

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

Front 58

spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the struture)

Back 58

vertebra

Front 59

-blast

Back 59

embryonic or immature cell

Front 60

-clast

Back 60

to break

Front 61

-listhesis

Back 61

slipping

Front 62

-malacia

Back 62

softening

Front 63

-physis

Back 63

to grow

Front 64

-porosis

Back 64

pore, passage

Front 65

-tome

Back 65

instrument to cut

Front 66

acetabul/o

Back 66

acetabulum

Front 67

calcane/o

Back 67

calcaneus (heel)

Front 68

carp/o

Back 68

carpals (wrist bones)

Front 69

clavicul/o

Back 69

clavicle (collar bone)

Front 70

cost/o

Back 70

ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)

Front 71

crani/o

Back 71

cranium (skull)

Front 72

femor/o

Back 72

femur (thigh bone)

Front 73

fibul/o

Back 73

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

Front 74

humer/o

Back 74

humerus (upper arm bone)

Front 75

ili/o

Back 75

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

Front 76

ischi/o

Back 76

ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)

Front 77

malleol/o

Back 77

malleolus (process of each side of the ankle)

Front 78

mandibul/o

Back 78

mandible (lower jaw bone)

Front 79

maxill/o

Back 79

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

Front 80

metacarp/o

Back 80

metacarpals (hand bones)

Front 81

metars/o

Back 81

metatarsals (foot bones)

Front 82

olecran

Back 82

olecranon (elbow)

Front 83

patell/o

Back 83

patella (kneecap)

Front 84

pelv/i

Back 84

pelvis (hipbone)

Front 85

perone/o

Back 85

fibula

Front 86

phalang/o

Back 86

phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)

Front 87

pub/o

Back 87

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

Front 88

radi/o

Back 88

radius (lower arm bone-thumb side)

Front 89

scapul/o

Back 89

scapula (shoulder blade)

Front 90

stern/o

Back 90

sternum (breastbone)

Front 91

tars/o

Back 91

tarsal (bones of the hindfoot)

Front 92

tibi/o

Back 92

tibia (shin bone)

Front 93

uln/o

Back 93

ulna (lower arm bone-little finger side)

Front 94

ankyl/o

Back 94

stiff

Front 95

arthr/o

Back 95

joint

Front 96

articul/o

Back 96

joint

Front 97

burs/o

Back 97

bursa

Front 98

chondr/o

Back 98

cartilage

Front 99

ligament/o

Back 99

ligament

Front 100

rheumat/o

Back 100

watery flow

Front 101

synov/o

Back 101

synovial membrane

Front 102

ten/o

Back 102

tendon

Front 103

tendin/o

Back 103

tendon

Front 104

-desis

Back 104

to bind, tie together

Front 105

-stenosis

Back 105

narrowing

Front 106

fasci/o

Back 106

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

Front 107

fibr/o

Back 107

fibrous connective tiessue

Front 108

leiomy/o

Back 108

smooth (virsceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs.

Front 109

my/o

Back 109

muscle

Front 110

myocardi/o

Back 110

heart muscle

Front 111

myos/o

Back 111

muscle

Front 112

plant/o

Back 112

sole of the foot

Front 113

rhabdomy/o

Back 113

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones.

Front 114

-asthenia

Back 114

lack of strength

Front 115

-trophy

Back 115

development, nourishment

Front 116

ab-

Back 116

away from

Front 117

ad-

Back 117

toward

Front 118

dorsi-

Back 118

back

Front 119

poly-

Back 119

many, much