Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

musculoskeletal system

Back 1

the 206 bones, 600 muscles, and the joints that make up the support system of the body

Front 2

skeletal system

Back 2

bones in the body

Front 3

function of the skeletal system

Back 3

• protects internal organs
  
• provides a framework of support
• stores calcium
• produces blood cells

Front 4

joint

Back 4

where two or more bones meet together

Also called articulations

Front 5

diaphysis

Back 5

the shaft (long middle part) of a long bone

Front 6

epiphysis

Back 6

the end on either side of a long bone

Plural: epiphyses

Front 7

periosteum

Back 7

outermost layer of the bone; the hard layer that you can see, made up of fibrous tissue

Front 8

compact bone

Back 8

found under the periosteum and made up of hard layers of bone tissue

Front 9

cancellous bone

"spongy bone"

Back 9

bone containing little spaces that look like a sponge; found inside layers of the compact bone

Front 10

endosteum

Back 10

membrane that lines the hollow cavity of a bone

Front 11

bone marrow

Back 11

found in the cavities of bones

Front 12

red bone marrow

Back 12

thick material where blook cells are formed

found in flat bones and the ends of long bones

Front 13

yellow bone marrow

Back 13

softer, fatty material found in the inner part (medullary cavity) of long bones

Front 14

maxilla

Back 14

upper jawbone

Front 15

mandible

Back 15

lower jawbone

Front 16

vertebral column

Back 16

different bones, called vertebrae, through which the spinal cord runs

Front 17

lamina

Back 17

part of the vertebral arch

Front 18

clavicle

Back 18

collarbone

Front 19

scapula

Back 19

shoulder blade

Front 20

acromion process

Back 20

high point of the shoulder, or scapula

Front 21

sternum

Back 21

breastbone

Front 22

xiphoid process

Back 22

lower portion of the sternum

Front 23

humerus

Back 23

upper arm bone

Front 24

ulna and radius

Back 24

lower arm bones

Front 25

olecranon process

Back 25

projection at the upper end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

Front 26

carpals

Back 26

wrist bones

Front 27

metacarpals

Back 27

hand bones

Front 28

phalanges

Back 28

finger and toe bones

Front 29

pelvic bone

Back 29

made up of three bones called the ischium, ilium, and pubis

Front 30

ischium

Back 30

lower, rear portion of the pelvic bone

Front 31

ilium

Back 31

upper, wing shaped portion of the pelvic bone

Front 32

acetabulum

Back 32

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

Front 33

femur

Back 33

large, upper leg bone

Front 34

tibia and fibula

Back 34

lower leg bones

Front 35

patella

Back 35

kneecap

Front 36

tarsals

Back 36

ankle bones

Front 37

calcaneus

Back 37

heel bone

Front 38

metatarsal bones

Back 38

foot bones

Front 39

articular cartilage

Back 39

smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints for the protection of the bones

Front 40

meniscus

Back 40

crescent shaped cartilage found in the knee

Front 41

intervertebral disk

Back 41

a small pad of cartilage found between each vertebrae in the spine that acts as a cushion and shock absorber

Front 42

pubic symphysis

Back 42

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together

Front 43

synovia

Back 43

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities

Front 44

bursa

Back 44

fluid filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

Front 45

ligament

Back 45

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

Front 46

tendon

Back 46

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Front 47

aponeurosis

Back 47

a strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

Front 48

functions of the muscles

Back 48

movement, posture, joint stabilization, heat production

Front 49

skeletal muscles

(striated muscles)

Back 49

voluntary muscles that help the body move by attaching bones to tendons

Front 50

smooth muscles

(unstriated muscles)

Back 50

involuntary muscles located inside organs and blood vessels

Front 51

cardiac muscles

Back 51

involuntary muscles found in the heart

Front 52

abduction

Back 52

movement away from the middle

Front 53

adduction

Back 53

movement adding to the middle

Front 54

eversion

Back 54

turning outward

Front 55

extension

Back 55

straightening a limb

Front 56

flexion

Back 56

bending a limb

Front 57

inversion

Back 57

turning upward

Front 58

pronation

Back 58

turning the palm down

Front 59

rotation

Back 59

turning around on its axis

Front 60

supination

Back 60

turning the palm up

Front 61

-athenia

Back 61

weakness

Front 62

-clasia

-classis

-clast

Back 62

break

Front 63

-desis

Back 63

surgical fixation, fusion

Front 64

-physis

Back 64

growth

Front 65

-schisis

Back 65

split, fissure

Front 66

inter-

Back 66

between

Front 67

supra-

Back 67

above

Front 68

sym-

syn-

Back 68

together, joined

Front 69

aponeur/o

Back 69

aponeurosis - a layer of flat, broad tendons

Front 70

arthr/o

Back 70

joint

Front 71

burs/o

Back 71

bursa (bursae)

Front 72

carp/o

Back 72

carpals

Front 73

clavic/o

clavicul/o

Back 73

clavicle

Front 74

cost/o

Back 74

rib

Front 75

disk/o

Back 75

intervertebral disk

Front 76

femor/o

Back 76

femur

Front 77

fibul/o

Back 77

fibula

Front 78

humer/o

Back 78

humerus

Front 79

ili/o

Back 79

ilium

Front 80

ischi/o

Back 80

ischium

Front 81

lumb/o

Back 81

lumbar region of the spine

Front 82

mandibul/o

Back 82

mandible

Front 83

maxill/o

Back 83

maxilla

Front 84

menisc/o

Back 84

meniscus

Front 85

patell/o

Back 85

patella

Front 86

pelv/i

pelv/o

Back 86

pelvis, pelvic bone

Front 87

phalang/o

Back 87

phalanges

Front 88

pub/o

Back 88

pubis

Front 89

rachi/o

Back 89

spine, vertebral column

Front 90

radi/o

Back 90

radius

Front 91

sacr/o

Back 91

sacrum

Front 92

scapul/o

Back 92

scapula

Front 93

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

Back 93

vertebra

Front 94

stern/o

Back 94

sternum

Front 95

synovi/o

Back 95

synovia, synovial membrane

Front 96

tars/o

Back 96

tarsals

Front 97

ten/o

tend/o

tendin/o

Back 97

tendon

Front 98

tibi/o

Back 98

tibia

Front 99

uln/o

Back 99

ulna

Front 100

ankyl/o

Back 100

crooked, stiff, bent

Front 101

kinesi/o

Back 101

movement, motion

Front 102

kyph/o

Back 102

hump

Front 103

lamin/o

Back 103

lamina

Front 104

lord/o

Back 104

bent forward

Front 105

my/o

myos/o

Back 105

muscle

Front 106

myel/o

Back 106

bone marrow

Front 107

petr/o

Back 107

stone

Front 108

scoli/o

Back 108

crooked, curved

Front 109

ankylosis

Back 109

abnormal condition of stiffness

Front 110

arthritis

Back 110

inflammation of a joint

Front 111

bursitis

Back 111

inflammation of a bursa

Front 112

chondromalacia

Back 112

softening of the cartilage

Front 113

cranioschisis

Back 113

fissure of the skull

Front 114

diskitis

Back 114

inflammation of an invertebral disk

Front 115

fibromyalgia

Back 115

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles

Front 116

kyphosis

Back 116

abnormal condition of a hump

Front 117

lordosis

Back 117

abnormal condition of bending forward

Front 118

maxillitis

Back 118

inflammation of the maxilla

Front 119

meniscitis

Back 119

inflammation of the meniscus

Front 120

myasthenia

Back 120

muscle weakness

Front 121

myeloma

Back 121

tumor of the bone marrow

Front 122

osteitis

Back 122

inflammation of the bone

Front 123

osteoarthritis

Back 123

inflammation of the bone and joint

Front 124

osteochondritis

Back 124

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

Front 125

osteofibroma

Back 125

tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue

Front 126

osteomalacia

Back 126

softening of the bones

Front 127

osteomyelitis

Back 127

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

Front 128

osteopenia

Back 128

abnormal reduction of bone mass

Front 129

osteopetrosis

Back 129

abnormal condition of stone-like bones

Front 130

osteosarcoma

Back 130

malignant tumor of the bone

Front 131

polymyositis

Back 131

inflammation of many muscles

Front 132

rachischisis

Back 132

fissure of the vertebral column

rack-KISS-ki-sis

Front 133

rhabdomlyolysis

Back 133

dissolution of striated muscle

Front 134

scoliosis

Back 134

abnormal curve of the spine

Front 135

spondylarthritis

Back 135

inflammation of the vertebral column

Front 136

spondylosis

Back 136

abnormal condition of the vertebra

Front 137

synoviosarcoma

Back 137

malignant tumor of the synovial membrane

Front 138

tendinitis

Back 138

inflammation of a tendon

NOTE: "tendon" is spelled with an "o" at the end, but in this word, it changes to an "i".

Front 139

tenosynovitis

Back 139

inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane

TEN-o-SIN-o-vitis

Front 140

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 140

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures causing a forward bend of the spine

Front 141

bunion

Back 141

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

Front 142

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 142

a common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve

(abbreviated CTS)

Front 143

Colles fracture

Back 143

type of wrist fracture that's at the lower end of the radius

Front 144

exostosis

Back 144

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone

Front 145

fracture

Back 145

broken bone

abbreviated: fx

Front 146

gout

Back 146

disease caused by an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood which causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints and produces arthritis

Front 147

herniated disk

Back 147

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots

Front 148

Lyme disease

Back 148

an infection caused by a bacteria carried by deer ticks and transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick

Front 149

muscular dystrophy

Back 149

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

abbreviation: MD

Front 150

myasthenia gravis

Back 150

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell

abbreviaton: MG

Front 151

osteoporosis

Back 151

abnormal loss of bone density occurring predominantly in post-menopausal women which can lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists

Front 152

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 152

a chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body

abbreviated: RA

Front 153

spinal stenosis

Back 153

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots

Front 154

spondylolisthesis

Back 154

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

Front 155

arthralgia

Back 155

pain in the joint

Front 156

arthrography

Back 156

radiographic imaging of a joint

Front 157

arthroscopy

Back 157

visual examination of a joint

Front 158

atrophy

Back 158

without development

Front 159

bradykinesia

Back 159

slow movement

Front 160

carpal

Back 160

pertaining to the wrist

Front 161

cranial

Back 161

pertaining to the cranium

Front 162

dyskinesia

Back 162

difficult movement

Front 163

dystrophy

Back 163

abnormal development

Front 164

electromyogram

Back 164

record of the electrical activity in a skeletal muscle

Front 165

femoral

Back 165

pertaining to the femur

Front 166

humeral

Back 166

pertaining to the humerus

Front 167

hyperkinesia

Back 167

excessive movement

Front 168

hypertrophy

Back 168

excessive development

hy-PER-tro-fee

Front 169

iliofemoral

Back 169

pertaining to the ilium and femur

Front 170

intercostal

Back 170

pertaining to between the ribs

Front 171

intervertebral

Back 171

pertaining to between the vertebrae

Front 172

intracranial

Back 172

pertaining to within the cranium

Front 173

ischiofibular

Back 173

pertaining to the ischium and fibula

Front 174

ischiopubic

Back 174

pertaining to the ischium and the pubis

Front 175

lumbocostal

Back 175

pertaining to the lumbar and the ribs

Front 176

lumbosacral

Back 176

pertaining to the lumbar regions and the sacrum

Front 177

osteoblast

Back 177

developing bone cell

Front 178

osteocyte

Back 178

bone cell

Front 179

osteonecrosis

Back 179

abnormal death of bone

Front 180

pelvisacral

Back 180

pertaining to the pelvis and sacrum

Front 181

pubofemoral

Back 181

pertaining to the pubis and femur

Front 182

sternoclavicular

Back 182

pertaining to the sternum and clavicle

Front 183

sternoid

Back 183

resembling the sternum

Front 184

subcostal

Back 184

pertaining to below the rib

Front 185

submandibular

Back 185

pertaining to below the mandible

Front 186

submaxillary

Back 186

pertaining to below the maxilla

Front 187

subscapular

Back 187

pertaining to below the scapula

Front 188

substernal

Back 188

pertaining to below the sternum

Front 189

suprapatellar

Back 189

pertaining to above the patella

Front 190

suprascapular

Back 190

pertaining to above the scapula

Front 191

symphisis

Back 191

growing together

Front 192

vertebrocostal

Back 192

pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs

Front 193

chiropractic

Back 193

therapy that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

Front 194

orthopedics

Back 194

branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of disease and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system.

Front 195

orthotics

Back 195

making and fitting of orthopedic devices used to support, align, prevent or correct deformities

Front 196

osteopathy

Back 196

medicine that places greater emphasis on the role of the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system

Front 197

podiatrist

Back 197

specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot

Front 198

prosthesis

Back 198

artificial substitute for a missing body part

Front 199

aponeurorrhaphy

Back 199

suture of an aponeurosis

ap-o-new-ROAR-a-fee

Front 200

arthrocentesis

Back 200

surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid

Front 201

arthroclasia

Back 201

breaking of a joint for procedural purposes

Front 202

arthrodesis

Back 202

surgical fixation of a joint

Front 203

arthroplasty

Back 203

surgical repair of a joint

Front 204

bursectomy

Back 204

excision of a bursa

Front 205

carpectomy

Back 205

excision of carpal bone

Front 206

chondrectomy

Back 206

excision of cartilage

Front 207

chondroplasty

Back 207

surgical repair of cartilage

Front 208

costectomy

Back 208

excision of a rib

Front 209

cranioplasty

Back 209

surgical repair of the skull

Front 210

craniotomy

Back 210

incision of the skull

Front 211

diskectomy

Back 211

excision of an intervertebral disk

Front 212

laminectomy

Back 212

excision of a lamina

Front 213

maxillectomy

Back 213

excision of the maxilla

Front 214

meniscectomy

Back 214

excision of the meniscus

Front 215

myorrhaphy

Back 215

suture of a muscle

Front 216

ostectomy

Back 216

excision of bone

Front 217

osteoclasis

Back 217

surgical breaking of a bone to correct a deformity

Front 218

patellectomy

Back 218

excision of the patella

Front 219

rachiotomy

Back 219

incision into the vertebral column

Front 220

spondylosyndesis

Back 220

fusing together of the vertebrae

Front 221

synovectomy

Back 221

excision of the synovial membrane

Front 222

tarsectomy

Back 222

excision of tarsal bones

Front 223

tenomyoplasty

Back 223

surgical repair of the tendon and muscle

Front 224

tenorrhaphy

Back 224

suture of a tendon

Front 225

vertebroplasty

Back 225

surgical repair of vertebra