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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Soft Tissue injury
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Injury that occurs in a nonosseous structure of the musculoskeletal system, such as the muscles, bursa, ligaments
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ligaments
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fibrous connective tissue that connects BONE TO BONE
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tendons
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fibrous connective tissue that connects MUSCLE TO BONE
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cartilage
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dense connective tissue with no blood supply
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osseous
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composed of, containing or related to bone
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abrasion
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scrape
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contusion
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bruise
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hematoma
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bruise that you can feel
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laceration
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tear
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strain
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strain MUSCLES
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sprain
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sprain JOINTS
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cast
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cast fractures
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splint
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foam with an ace wrap to stabilize the area
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immobilizer
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groin to ankle
wrap around job with fiberglass and velcro knee sticks out truly immobilizes the entire leg so that knee can't be bent |
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sling
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pledge of allegiance
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Management of Musculoskeletal dx?
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1. PRICE
2. Immobilization may be necessary (cast, splint etc..) 3. PT 4. Pharm agents 5. Referral |
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For mild to moderately severe injuries use?
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1. NSAIDS
2. Muscle relaxants 3. Narcotics |
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NSAIDS that can be used with musculoskeletal injuries?
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TID/ QID for 3/4 days
Ibuprofen 400-800 mg TID to QID Naproxen 250-500 mg every day in divided doses COX 2 inhibitors: Celecoxib (Celebrex) |
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Muscle relaxants that can be used with musculoskeletal injuries?
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Metaxalone (Skelaxin) 800 mg BID or TID
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Narcotics that can be used with musculoskeletal injuries?
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Tramadol (Ultram) narcotic like
Hydrocodone+ acetaminophen (Vicodan, Lortab, Lorcet) Acetaminophen = Codeine (Tylenol 3) Propocyphene + Acetaminophen Darvocet N 100 Oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet, Tylox) |
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Another name for Tramadol?
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Ultram
Tramadol (Ultram) narcotic like |
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Other names for Vicodan?
What are the components for Vicodan? |
Lortab, Lorcet
Hydrocodone+ acetaminophen |
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Tylenol 3's made from?
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Acetaminophen + Codeine
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Darvocet N 100 is made from?
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Propocyphene + Acetaminophen
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Another name for Percocet?
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Tylox
Oxycodone/acetaminophen |
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Diagnostics to determine if there was a Bone fracture?
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x ray, MRI
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Diagnostics for bone?
inorder of selection |
Ultrasound
Bone density test x ray MRI |
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Diagnostics for nerves?
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NCV
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Diagnostics for CV?
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Upper extremity studies
Lower extremity vascular studies |
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Relafen's other name?
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Nabumetone belongs to a class of drugs called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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Other NSAIDs?
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Other members of this class include ibuprofen (Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen (Aleve) and several others. These drugs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. They work by reducing the levels of prostaglandins, chemicals produced by the body that are responsible for pain, fever and inflammation. NSAIDs block the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), resulting in lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.
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Other name for Naproxen?
Brand names? Pregnancy Category? |
Treats fever and pain, including pain caused by arthritis, gout, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, headache, backache, and toothache. This is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine (NSAID).
Brand names: Aleve, Naprosyn, Naprelan, Anaprox Pregnancy risk: Category C (Risk cannot be ruled out) |
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Other name for Indocin?
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Indometacin
Treats pain caused by arthritis, gout, bursitis, and tendonitis. This is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). |
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ibuprofen is a drug used for the management for?
Examples? |
a drug used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation.
Advil, Motrin, Nuprin, Medipren) |
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Indications and MOA of NSAIDS?
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These drugs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. They work by reducing the levels of prostaglandins, chemicals produced by the body that are responsible for pain, fever and inflammation. NSAIDs block the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), resulting in lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.
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Nabumetone is used for the treatment of ?
that results from what conditions? |
Nabumetone is used for the treatment of inflammation and pain that results from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
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Dosing for Relafen?
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May be taken with or without food. The recommended starting dose is 1000 mg daily as a single dose. Some patients may respond better to 1500 or 2000 mg daily. The lowest effective dose should be used.
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Interactions that can occur with Relafen?
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-may increase the blood levels of lithium (Eskalith) by reducing the excretion of lithium by the kidneys. (lithium toxicity)
-may reduce the BP lowering effects of htn medications. This may occur because prostaglandins play a role in the regulation of BP. When nabumetone is used in combination with aminoglycosides [eg gentamicin, the blood levels of the aminoglycoside may increase, presumably because the elimination of aminoglycosides from the body is reduced. This may lead to more aminoglycoside-related side effects. oral anticoagulants b/c nabumetone also thins the blood Combining NSAIDs with methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall) may reduce the elimination of methotrexate from the body and result in increased side effects of methotrexate. |
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Persons who have more than ___ alcoholic beverages per day are at increased risk of developing stomach ulcers when taking nabumetone or other NSAIDs
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3
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Management for OA?
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ASA
Acetaminophen NSAIDS (ibuprofen, naproxen) Cox-2 inhibitor |
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Def for O/A?
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destruction of the articular cartilage
degenerative joint dx |
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Is inflammation for OA symmetrical/ asymetrical?
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asymmetrical
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Age that OA occurs?
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around 53 to 64 yrs
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What jonts are typically affected by OA?
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weight bearing joints
knees, hips, fingers, hands wrists Herbeden's nodes Bouchard's nodes |
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Which joints are affected with the Herbeden's nodes?
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DIP
HemoDialysis |
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Which joints are affected with the Bourchard's nodes?
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PIP
BP |
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Pain pattern for OA?
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better in the morning, worse as the day progresses
aggravated by activity relieved by rest |
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S/S with OA?
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Crepitus possible
Limited ROM possible angular deformities of affected joints |
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RF for OA?
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Obesity is an exacerbating factor
increased incidence with age genetic predisposition likely |
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Supportive care for OA?
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Wt loss
uses cane on opposite side ice (to improve ROM) moist heat (decrease muscle spasms & relieve stiffness) physical therapy refer for joint replacement |
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Tx for RA?
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High dose salicylates
NSAIDS DMARDS (disease modifying antirheumatic drugs) Corticosteriods methotrexate antimalarials (hydrochloroquine) Gold salt injections |
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X ray findings with OA?
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narrowing of the joint space
osteophytes juxta articular sclerosis subchondral bone |
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Diagnostics for OA?
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Synovial fluid is usually normal- clear/ straw yellow
doesn't have inflammatory changes and WBCs as in RA |
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Labs for OA & RA?
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OA n/a
for RA, ESR is usually elevated, ANA + in 1/5 pts Rheumatoid factor |
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Joints affected with RA?
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Joints that are higher up in the hand
PIP, MCP (metacarpophalangeal joints), WRISTS swelling and edema with redness and heat complaints to joints |
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Ankle sprain
Grade I |
Mild, localized tenderness, normal ROM, no disability
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Ankle sprain
Grade 2 |
moderate/severe pain with weight bearing
difficulty walking |
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Ankle sprain
Grade 3 |
impossible to ambulate; resists any motion of feet, "egg shaped" within 2 hrs of injury
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Diagnostics for ankle sprain
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x ray to rule out fractures
MRI |
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Management of ankle sprains
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1. RICE
2. no weight bearing 3. high dose NSAIDS 4. refer grade 3 sprains for possible casting as needed. |
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muscle strain is caused by?
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overuse of muscle tendons, often occuring with repetitive movement resulting in inflammation
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S/S of muscle strain?
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1 pain during ROM
2 Edema 3 ecchymosis |
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management of muscle strains?
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1 RICE
2 assistive devices as needed 3 analgesics 4 NSAIDS 5 prevention education |
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Bursitis
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inflammation of a bursa (closed sac lined with a synovial like membrane in an area subject to friction or pressure
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Causes of bursitis?
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trauma
sepsis/ infection in a joint space |
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Most common locations of bursitis?
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olecranon (hurts with movement)
subdeltoid ischial prepatellar |
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S/S of bursitis?
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1 pain: especially with movement
2 swelling 3 tenderness 4 erythema |
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Bursitis Diagnostics
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Aspiration with gram stain and C&S
WBC (elevation suggestive of a bacterial infection) Plain x rays to r/o other bone/joint conditions |
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Management for bursitis?
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1 Splinting
2 RICE 3 Applying heat x30 min TID or QID 4 ASA or NSAIDS (eg Naproxen 250 mh BID or TID) 5 Steroid injections into bursa 6 if septic: aspiration or I&D with parenteral a/b |
