Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

ankylosis

Back 1

immobility of the joint

Front 2

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 2

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass).

Front 3

contracture

Back 3

fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint.

Front 4

crepitation

Back 4

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction.

Front 5

Ewing sarcoma

Back 5

malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis. It occurs most frequently in adolescent boys.

Front 6

gout

Back 6

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints

Front 7

herniated disk

Back 7

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervetebral disk) between two vertebrae.

Front 8

osteoporosis

Back 8

decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures.

Front 9

Paget disease

Back 9

skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans.

Front 10

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 10

chronic, systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and related structures that result in crippling deformities.

Front 11

sequestrum

Back 11

fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue.

Front 12

kyphosis

Back 12

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a hympback posture. kyphosis may be caused by poor posture, arthritis, or osteomalacia, commonly known as hunchback.

Front 13

lordosis

Back 13

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture. Lordosis may be caused by increased weight in the abdomen such as during pregnancy.

Front 14

scoliosis

Back 14

abnormal sidward curvature of the spine, either ot the left or to the right. Scoliosis eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis. It is often a congenital disease, but may result from poor posture.

Front 15

muscular dystrophy

Back 15

group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue.
There is no cure, and most individuals die before age 20. Duchenne dystrophy is the most common form.

Front 16

myasthenia gravis

Back 16

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscular weakness and progressive fatigue.

Front 17

rotator cuff injuries

Back 17

injuries to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injuries. Shoulder joint injuries occur in sports in which there is a complete abduction of the shoulder, followed by a rapid and forceful rotation and flexion of the shoulder. This occurs most frequently in baseball injuries when the player throws a baseball. Although less frequent, it also occurs in tennis injuries when the player is serving or completing an overhead stroke.

Front 18

sprain

Back 18

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability.

Front 19

strain

Back 19

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch.

Front 20

talipes

Back 20

congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot.

Front 21

tendonitis

Back 21

inflammation of a tendon usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tendinitis.

Front 22

torticollis

Back 22

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck that may be congenital or acquired; also called wryneck.

Front 23

arthrocentesis

Back 23

puncture of a joint space with a needle to remove fluid. Arthrocentesis is performed to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes. It also may be used to instill medications and to remove accumulated fluid from joints simply to relieve pain.

Front 24

rheumatoid factor

Back 24

blood test to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance presence in paitents with rheumatoid arthritis.

Front 25

arthroplasty

Back 25

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity.

Front 26

arthroscopy

Back 26

visual examination of the interior of a joint performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision. Arthroscopy is performed to repair and remove joint tissue, especially of the knee, ankle, and shoulder.

Front 27

sequestrectomy

Back 27

excision of a necrosed piece of bone.

Front 28

total hip arthroplasty

Back 28

replacement of the femur and acetabulum with metal components. The acetabulum is plastic coated to avoid metal to metal articulating surfaces.