Med Term Chapter 4

Front 1

Ankyl/o

Back 1

Stiff joint

Front 2

Arthr/o

Back 2

Joint

Front 3

Articul/o

Back 3

Joint

Front 4

Burs/o

Back 4

Sac

Front 5

Carp/o

Back 5

Wrist

Front 6

Cervic/o

Back 6

Neck

Front 7

Chondr/o

Back 7

Cartilage

Front 8

Clavicul/o

Back 8

Clavicle

Front 9

Coccyg/o

Back 9

Coccyx

Front 10

Cortic/o

Back 10

Outer portion

Front 11

Cost/o

Back 11

Rib

Front 12

Crani/o

Back 12

Skull

Front 13

Femor/o

Back 13

Femur

Front 14

Fibul/o

Back 14

Fibula

Front 15

Humer/o

Back 15

Humerus

Front 16

Ili/o

Back 16

Ilium

Front 17

Ischi/o

Back 17

Ischium

Front 18

Kyph/o

Back 18

Hump

Front 19

Lamin/o

Back 19

Lamina, part of vertebra

Front 20

Lord/o

Back 20

Bent backwards

Front 21

Lumb/o

Back 21

Low back, loin

Front 22

Mandibul/o

Back 22

Mandible

Front 23

Maxill/o

Back 23

Maxilla

Front 24

Medull/o

Back 24

Inner portion

Front 25

Metacarp/o

Back 25

Metacarpals

Front 26

Metatars/o

Back 26

Metatarsal

Front 27

Myel/o

Back 27

Bone marrow

Front 28

Orth/o

Back 28

Straight

Front 29

Oste/o

Back 29

Bone

Front 30

Patell/o

Back 30

Patella

Front 31

Pector/o

Back 31

Chest

Front 32

Ped/o

Back 32

Foot, child

Front 33

Pelv/o

Back 33

Pelvis

Front 34

Phalang/o

Back 34

Phalanges

Front 35

Pod/o

Back 35

Foot

Front 36

Prosthet/o

Back 36

Addition

Front 37

Pub/o

Back 37

Pubis

Front 38

Radi/o

Back 38

Radius,ray

Front 39

Sacr/o

Back 39

Sacrum

Front 40

Scalpul/o

Back 40

Scalpula

Front 41

Scoli/o

Back 41

Crooked or bent

Front 42

Spin/o

Back 42

Spine

Front 43

Spondyl/o

Back 43

Vertebrae

Front 44

Stern/o

Back 44

Sternum

Front 45

Synov/o

Back 45

Synovial membrane

Front 46

Tars/o

Back 46

Ankle

Front 47

Thorac/o

Back 47

Chest

Front 48

Tibi/o

Back 48

Tibia

Front 49

Uln/a

Back 49

Ulna

Front 50

Vertebr/o

Back 50

Vertebra

Front 51

-blast

Back 51

Immature, embryonic

Front 52

-clasia

Back 52

To break surgically

Front 53

-desis

Back 53

Stabilize, fuse

Front 54

-listhesis

Back 54

Slipping

Front 55

-logic

Back 55

Pertaining to study of

Front 56

-porosis

Back 56

Porous

Front 57

Dis-

Back 57

Apart

Front 58

Non-

Back 58

Not

Front 59

Bones

Back 59

Body organs with blood supply,nerves, and lymphatic vessels

206 bones

Protect vital organs

Store minerals

Front 60

Red bone marrow

Back 60

Produces blood cells

Front 61

Joint

Back 61

Place where 2 bones meet

Held together by ligaments

Gives flexibility to skeleton

Front 62

Osseous tissue

Back 62

Another name for bones

One of the hardest materials in body

Front 63

Ossification

Back 63

Gradual process that forms bone before birth

Fetal skeleton is formed from cartilage model

Front 64

Osteoblasts

Back 64

Immature bone cells that replaces flexible tissue

Front 65

Osteocytes

Back 65

mature osteoblasts

Front 66

Long bones

Back 66

Longer than wide

Ex: femur and humerus

Majority of bones in body

Divided into diaphysis, epiphysis

Front 67

Short bones

Back 67

Roughly as long as wide

Ex: carpals

Tarsals

Front 68

Flat-bones

Back 68

Plate-shaped

Ex: sternum

Scapula

Pelvis

Front 69

Irregular bones

Back 69

Shape very irregular

Ex: vertebrae

Front 70

Diaphysis

Back 70

Central shaft of long bones

Front 71

Medullary cavity

Back 71

Open canal within diaphysis

Contains yellow bone marrow

*mostly fat

Front 72

Epiphysis

Back 72

Wide ends of long bone

*distal epiphysis

*proximal epiphysis

Front 73

Articular cartilage

Back 73

Covers epiphysis

Prevents bone rubbing on bone

Front 74

Periosteum

Back 74

Covers surface of bone not covered by articular cartilage

Thin connective tissue membrane

Contains nerve and lymphatic vessels

Front 75

Compact bone

Back 75

Aka cortical bone

Very dense and hard

Outer layer of bone

Found in both epiphysis and diaphysis

Front 76

Cancellous bone

Back 76

Aka spongy bone

Found inside bone

Has spaces containing red bone marrow

Front 77

Rough process

Back 77

Provide a place for muscle attachment

Front 78

Smooth process

Back 78

Rounded processes articulate with another bone in a joint

Front 79

Head

Back 79

Large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone

Front 80

Condyle

Back 80

Smooth rounded portion at end of bone

Front 81

Epicondyle

Back 81

Projection above or on a condyle

Front 82

Trochanter

Back 82

Large rough process

Front 83

Tubercle

Back 83

Small drought process

Front 84

Tuberosity

Back 84

Large rough process

Front 85

Sinus

Back 85

Hollow cavity within bone

Front 86

Foramen

Back 86

Smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels

Front 87

Fossa

Back 87

Shallow cavity or depression within a bone

Front 88

Fissure

Back 88

Deep grooves or slit-like opening

Front 89

Skeleton

Back 89

Two divisions

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Front 90

Axial skeleton

Back 90

Include bones in:

Head

Neck

Spine

Chest

Trunk

Front 91

Skull

Back 91

Divided into two parts

Cranium

Facial bone

Protects brain, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, and oral cavity

Attachment for muscles of chewing and turning the head

Front 92

Cranial bones

Back 92

Frontal- 1 bone

*forehead

Parietal-2 bones

*upper sides and roof of skull

Temporal- 2 bones

*sides and base of skull

Front 93

Cranial bones cont.

Back 93

Ethmoid- 1 bone

*part of eye orbit, nose, and floor of skull

Sphenoid- 1 bone

*part of floor of skull

Occipital- 1 bone

*Back and base of skull

Front 94

Facial bones

Back 94

Mandible- 1 bone

*lower jawbone

Maxilla-1 bone

*upper jawbone

Zygomatic-2 bones

*cheek bones

Vomer-1 bone

* part of nasal septum

Front 95

Facial bones cont.

Back 95

Palatine- 1 bone

*hard palate and floor of nose

Nasal- 2 bones

*part of nasal septum and bridge of nose

Lacrimal- 2 bones

Inner corner of eye

Front 96

Hyoid bone

Back 96

Single u shaped bone

In neck between mandible and larynx

Attachment point for swallowing and speech muscle

Front 97

The trunk

Back 97

Vertebral column

Sternum

Rib cage

Front 98

The vertebral column

Back 98

Divides into five section

*cervical

*thoracic

*lumbar

*sacrum

*coccyx

Front 99

Vertebral column #bones

Back 99

Cervical

*7 vertebrae of neck

Thoracic

*12 vertebrae of chest

Lumbar

* 5 vertebrae of low back

Sacrum

*5 fused vertebrae at base of spine

Coccyx

*3-5 small vertebrae attached to sacrum

Front 100

The rib cage

Back 100

12 pairs of ribs

Attached to vertebral column at back

Provides support for organs, such as heart and lungs

Front 101

The rib cage # bones

Back 101

True ribs

*10 pairs attached to sternum in front

Floating ribs

*inferior 2 pairs

*no attachment in front

Front 102

Appendicular skeleton

Back 102

Include bones of:

*pectoral girdle

*upper extremity

*pelvic girdle

*lower extremity

Front 103

Pectoral girdle

Back 103

Attaches upper extremity to axial skeleton

Consists of clavicle- collar bone

Scapula- shoulder blade

Front 104

Bones of upper extremity

Back 104

Arm which consists of:

*humerus- upper arm

*ulna- part of forearm

*radius- part of forearm

*carpals- wrist bones

*metacarpals-hand bones

*phalanges- finger bones

Front 105

Bones of pelvic girdle

Back 105

Aka- OS coca, innominate bone, or hipbone

Attaches lower extremity to axial skeleton

Articulates with sacrum posterior

Consists of:

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

Front 106

Bones of lower extremity

Back 106

Leg consists of:

Femur- thigh bone

Patella- knee cap

Tibia- shin bone

Fibula- lower leg bone

Tarsals- ankle bones

Metatarsals- foot bones

Phalanges- toe bones

Front 107

Joints

Back 107

Formed where two bones meet

Aka articulation

Three types based on movement allowed between the two bone:

Synovial

Cartilaginous

Fibrous

Front 108

Synovial joints

Back 108

Freely moving joints

Most common type of joint

Held together by ligaments

Some contain bursa

Front 109

Bursa

Back 109

Sac-like structure lined with synovial membrane

Front 110

Synovial joints cont.

Back 110

Enclosed in an elastic joint capsule

Contains synovial fluid

Lubricant secreted by synovial membrane

Ends of bones covered with articular cartilage

Front 111

Cartilaginous joints

Back 111

Allow slight movement

Hold bones firmly in place by solid piece of cartilage

Ex. Pubic symphysis

Front 112

Fibrous joints

Back 112

Allow almost no movement

Joined by thick fibrous tissue

Ex. Sutures of the skull

Front 113

Cutane/o

Back 113

Skin

Front 114

Erythr/o

Back 114

Red

Front 115

Path/o

Back 115

Disease

Front 116

Sarc/o

Back 116

Flesh

Front 117

-centesis

Back 117

Puncture to withdraw fluid