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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skeletal muscles are... |
striated move by choice (voluntary) |
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what is another name for smooth muscles? |
visceral muscles |
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Smooth muscles are.. |
non-striated Involuntary (moves automatically)
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Cardiac muscles are.. |
striated |
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what is fascia? |
layers of connective tissue that surrounds large skeletal muscles. made up of epimysium, permysium, and endomysium. |
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what is compartment syndrome? |
a severe crush injury. |
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what does ATP NEED in order to perform its role? |
calcium |
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what happens when the muscle is stimulated? |
calcium is released from the SR and causes the actin, myosin, and ATP to interact and slide. Contraction occurs. |
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what neurotransmitter is stored in a "pouch" at the nerve ending? |
ACH (acetycholine) |
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When does tetanus occur? |
when the muscle is repeatedly stimulated and hasn't had time to relax. |
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What causes muscle fatigue? |
-decrease in Calcium -depletion of nutrients, oxygen, glycogen, and creatine phosphate. -buildup of waste such as lactic acid. |
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what are the 2 points of muscle fixation to the skeleton?? |
origin- where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone insertion-where it attaches to the movable bone |
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what is it called when the muscle increases in size due to overuse? |
hypertrophy |
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when does "disuse atrophy" occur? |
when you are not using your muscle for a long period of time. Ex: when you wear a cast and when it is removed the muscle appears smaller than the other limb bc of disuse. |
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What is the frontalis? |
-covers the forehead -raises eyebrows -gives you "surprised" look -wrinkles your forehead
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what is the orbicularis oris? |
-surrounds the mouth -assists with closing mouth, forming words, pursing lips -"kissing muscle" |
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what is another name for the zygomaticus? |
the smiling muscle :) |
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what does the masseter do? |
closes jaw, chews food. |
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what does the sternocleidomastoid do? |
promotes flexion of the head "praying muscle" |
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what does the trapezius do? |
-extends the head -"face looks to the sky" |
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what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavitites? |
the diaphragm
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what muscle helps raise and lower the ribcage during breathing? |
intercostal |
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what muscle flexes or bends the vertebral column? |
rectus abdominis |
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what is the lateral wall of the abdomen called? |
external oblique |
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what crisscrosses with the external oblique? |
internal oblique |
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what is the inner most abdominal muscle that runs horizontally? |
transverse abdominus |
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what muscle is used to bear weight when using crutches? |
triceps brachi |
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what muscle flexes the forearm? |
triceps brachi |
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what does the deltoid muscle do? |
flexes, extends, and rotates the arm at the shoulder joint. |
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what rotates the arm at the shoulder? |
rotator cuff |
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what muscle straightens and extends the leg at the knee? |
femoris |
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what is the common site of injection for children? |
vastus lateralis |
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what is the LONGEST muscle that also allows you to sit cross-legged on the floor? |
sartorius |
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what are the "dancer" muscles? |
gastrocnemius and soleus |
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what is tinnitus? |
ringing of the ears |
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what diagnostics are used to check for RA? |
-the rheumatoid factor -decreased RBC's -Decreased C4 -XRAYS |
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a very important step in medical management of RA is... |
maintaining ROM and independence |
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When should analgesics NOT be used? |
when a pt has asthma, nasal polyps, liver disease, or ulcers! |
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overuse of analgesics such as aspirin can cause what? |
TOXICITY tinnitus, epigastric pain, and bleeding. |
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What lab tests are done for liver problems? |
AST + ALT |
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what is the antidote for toxicity? |
Mucomyst (acetylcysteine) |
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What is Arava? |
medication used in combination with NSAIDS to prevent joint destruction and deformity. **DO NOT USE IF PREGNANT **MONITOR LIVER FUNCTION WHILE USING THIS DRUG
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what are the side effects of Arava? |
-increased liver enzymes -alopecia
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how often should you have an eye exam done if taking antimalarial drugs? |
before treatment and Q6 months |
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what is Sjogrens? |
inflammation of the tear duct causing dry eyes |
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what is Felty's? |
syndrome causing enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, and leukopenia. |
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What NSAIDS and DMARS are used to treat AKS? |
Enbril (inj) Ramicade (IV) Humira (inj) |
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What are 2 main precautions when giving prednisone? |
Do not give it at bedtime or before a meal! |
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What is gout? |
an accumulation of uric acid in the blood stream |
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what is one of the main treatments for gout? |
diuretics |
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What medications can be used for gout? |
Colchicine (oral or IV) Zyloprim (Allopurinol) *Uloric |
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What can Colchicine, Zyloprim, and Uloric affect? |
blood thinning meds |
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Allopurinol interacts with what drug? |
Coumadin |
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What can help prevent Osteoporosis? |
-increasing calcium -weight bearing exercises |
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What diagnostic test is used to check for osteoporosis? |
DEXA-bone density test that measures the bone mineral content. |
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What meds are used to treat osteoporosis? |
-VitD -Fosamax (bone reabsorption inhibitor) -Actonel -Boniva -Calcitonin nasal spray -Forteo (subq Qday) |
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what is a kyphoplasty? |
when they use a balloon and cement to fix vertebrae. |
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What is the main medical management for Osteomyelitis? |
IV therapy- pt may need a port.
**PT NEEDS TO DRINK PLENTY OF WATER |
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What meds are used for FMS (fibromyalgia) |
-Flexeril -Klonopin -Mucinex (large doses) |
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What is very important to check in a pt having a TKA (knee replacement) |
*HOMENS *BRUISING BEHIND THE KNEE |
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What would you check for when doing a neurovascular assessment for a TKA? |
-cap refill -distal pulses -skin temp |
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When would you use a splint? |
if you think a bone is fractured |
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Whats a bone callus? |
bony deposits that form around a fracture site (new bone being formed) |
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How long should a pt be NPO before a CT scan? |
4 hours |
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what are s/s of compartment syndrome? |
-slow cap refill -coolness -numbness -***parasthesia |
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What are 2 main things you want to observe on a pt with compartment syndrome? |
-further circulatory compromise -Volkmann's contracture ( ex: wrist is conrtacted too far) |
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What IV antobiotics are used for gas gangrene? |
"cefa" drugs -cefazolin: Ancef, Kefzol -cefadroxil: Duricef -cephalexin: Keflex |
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What diagnostic test is used to check for carpal tunnel syndrome? |
EMG-decreased response of muscle to stimulation. |
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what is cachexia? |
"wasting syndrome" when your body just wastes away |
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what drug can be used to increase appetite? |
Magace |
