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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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prevents diffusion across intracellular space
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tight junctions/zona occludens
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where e-cadherins and actin filaments attach below zona occludens
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zona adherens/ intermediate junction
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make up desmosomes
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desmosomes = macula adherens
with keratin and desmoplaking |
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with a central channel that allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric/metabolic functions
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gap junction
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connects epithelial layer to underlying ec matrix
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hemidesmosome
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supports overling up/ maintains integrity of b. membrane
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integrin
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clipping injury
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medial collateral ligament
medial meniscus anterior cruciate ligament |
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site of tibial attachment
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ACL and PCL
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abnormal passive abduction seen in
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torn mcl
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+ anterior drawer sign
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torn ACL
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helps deltoid abduct arm
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supraspinatus
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laterrly rotates arm
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infraspinatus
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adducts and laterally rotates arm
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teres MINOR
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medially rotates and adducts arm
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subscapularis
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skeletal muscle contraction
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ca binds troponin C
troponin C release troponin I troponin I releases tropomyos tropomyosin uncovers actin binding site myosin head binds actin contraction (no atp use) myosin head releases old adp new atp binds my. head REALEASE (atp used) myosin returns to start pos. tropomyosin covers actin troponin i covers tropomyos. troponin c covers tropnin i Ca-atpase pumps ca to ser phospholambin prot. inhibits ca/atpase |
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muscle condution -> contraction
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AP -> open voltage-gated Ca channels -> NT release -> depolarization -> down t tubules -> dep of DHP receptor and ryanodine receptor -> ca release -> ca binds troponin c -> etc. -> contraction
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shortened with contration
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non-overlapping parts =
i band and h band |
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remains same length with contraction
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a band (legth of myosin including overlap)
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area of non-overlap bt 2 joining sarcomeres
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i band
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knob at center of myosin where cpk found
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M line
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muscle conduction -> smooth muscle contraction
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ap -> sm membrane dep. -> voltage gated - ca channels open -> incr. cyt. Ca -> Ca-calmodulin -> activate myosin light-chain kinase -> cross bridge formation -> activate mlc phosphatase -> contraction
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impaired fibroblast growth factor receptor mutation
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achondroplasia
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pain in weight-bearing joints after use without systemic symptoms with heberden's and bouchard's nodes
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osteoarthritis -
heberdene - dip bouchard - pip |
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thick capsule + synovial hypertrophy + osteophyte + narrowed cartilage + sclerotic bone
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osteoarthritis
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bone and cartilage erosion + increased synovial fluid + pannu
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RA
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location of pannus formation
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pip
mcp |
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reduced bone mass in spite of normal bone mineralization
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osteoporosis
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vertebral crush fracture + colles' fracture
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osteoporosis
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osteoporosis treatment
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bisphosphonate or pulsatile pth
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thickened, dense bones due to failure of bone resorption
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osteopetrosis
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soft bones due to defective mineralization of osteoid
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osteomalacia/rickets
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cystic spaces lined by osteoclasts, filled with fibrous stroma and sometimes blood
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von recklinghausen syndrome/ osteitis fibrosa cystica
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high serum ca
low serum ph high alk. phophatase |
von recklinghausen syndrome
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N serum ca
N serum ph N serum alkaline ph with anemia, thrombocytopenia, infection |
osteopetrosis/marble bone disease
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abnormal bone architecture due to increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity
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paget's disease - osteitis deformans
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n serum ca, ph, pth
high alk. ph |
paget's disease
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bone replaced by fibroblasts, collage, and irregular bony trabeculae
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polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
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polyostotic fibrous dysplasia + multiple bone lesions + endocrine abn. like precoccious puberty + skin pigmentation
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albright's syndrome
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giant cell arteritis + pain/stiffness at shoulder and hips
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polymyalgia rheumatica
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cd8 T-cell induced injury to myofibers + symmetrical prox. muscle weakness
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polymyositis
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cd8 induced prox. muscle weakness + "shawl and face" skin rash
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dermatomyositis
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labs of polymyositis
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high CK
high Aldolase + ANA anti-jo-1 |
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antiribonuclear protein
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mixed conn. tissue disease
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anti ro and la + parotid enlargement + risk of b-cell lymphoma
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sjogren's syndrome
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causes of gout
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lesch-nyhan syndrome
prpp excess decreased u. acid excretion glucose-6-phosphatase def. thiazide diuretics |
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needle shape and - birefringent
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gout crystals
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monosodium urate crystals
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gout
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calcium pyrophosphate crystals
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pseudogout
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weakly + birifringent rhomboid stones
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pseudogout
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widespread noncaseating granulomas + elevated serum ace levels
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sarcoidosis
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ankylosis + uveitis + aortic regurgitation
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AS
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urethritis + uveritis + arthritis - post gi or chlamydia infection
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reiter's syndrome
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fibrosis, collagen deposition, and sclerosis of skin, cardiovascular, gi, and kidneys
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scleroderma
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anti-topoisomerase
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PSS
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anti-scl-70
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diffuse scleroderma
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anti-smooth muscle ab
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diffuse scleroderma
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anticentromere ab
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crest syndrome
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scleroderma with limited skin involvement
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crest
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highly contagious honey crusted superficial skin lesion
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impetigo
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inflammatory purritic skin disorder with these etiologies: allergy, chemical injury, or infection
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dermatitis
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pruritic eruptions at flexors associated with atopic diseases
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eczema (atopic dermatitis)
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type 4 hypersensitiviey that follows exposure to allergen and occurs at site of contact
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allergic contact dermatitis
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+ auspitz sign, increased s. spinosum, decreased s. granulosum
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psoriasis
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deposits of igA at the tips of dermal papillae
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dermatitis herpetiformis
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purple papules and vesicles at dermoepidermal junction
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lichen planus
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associated with infections, drugs, cancer, and autoimmune disease - skin lesions
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erythema multiforme
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flat, pigmented squamous ep prolif. with keratin-filled cyts
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seborrheic keratosis
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brown pre-malignant lesions due to sun exposure
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actinic keratosis
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tumor of c. tissue follows trauma to skin
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keloid
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igG abs against epidermal basement membrane hemidesmosomes
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bullous pemphigoid
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potentially fatal autoimmune skin disoder onvolving bullae of oral mucosa and skin
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pemphigous vulgaris
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igG abs to apidermal cell surface desmosomes
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pemphigous vulgaris
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warts on hands
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verruca vulgaris
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warts on genitals
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condyloma accuminata
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keratin "pearls" associated to sunligh and arsenic
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squamous cell carcinoma
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island of tumors with mucinous dermous and pearly papules
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basal cell carcinoma
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depth of tumor correlates with risk of mets
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melanoma
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cartilaginous neoplasm mc at distal extremities
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(en)chondroma
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cartilaginous neoplasm mc at pelvis, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia, or femur
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chondrosarcoma
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"soap bubble" appearance on x-ray; at epiphyseal end of LONG bones
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giant cell tumor
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tumor of metaphysis that interlaces trabeculae with osteoblasts long tibia/femur
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oseoma
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metaphyseal tumor at long bones; mc malignant tumor of bone
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osteosarcoma
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predisposed with paget's disease, bone infarcts, radiation, and familial retinoblastoma
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osteosarcoma
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mature bone with cartilaginous cap that may malignantly transform to chondrosarcoma
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osteochondroma
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diaphysis tumor at long bones with "onion-skin" appearance
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ewing's sarcoma
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thrombangiitis obliterans in heavy smoker
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buerger's disease
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"pulseless disease" with granuloma at aortic arch, fever, night sweats, weak pulses in upper extremities
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takayasu's arteritis
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polymyalgia rheumatica with vasculitis and jaw claudication
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giant cell arteritis
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hep b + and multiple aneurysms and constrictions of medium-sized muscular arteries
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polyarteritis nodosa
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c-anca+ with granulomas in lung and glomerulonephritis
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wegener's granulomatosis
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pruritic eruptions at flexors associated with atopic diseases
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eczema (atopic dermatitis)
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type 4 hypersensitiviey that follows exposure to allergen and occurs at site of contact
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allergic contact dermatitis
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+ auspitz sign, increased s. spinosum, decreased s. granulosum
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psoriasis
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deposits of igA at the tips of dermal papillae
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dermatitis herpetiformis
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purple papules and vesicles at dermoepidermal junction
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lichen planus
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associated with infections, drugs, cancer, and autoimmune disease - skin lesions
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erythema multiforme
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flat, pigmented squamous ep prolif. with keratin-filled cyts
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seborrheic keratosis
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brown pre-malignant lesions due to sun exposure
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actinic keratosis
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tumor of c. tissue follows trauma to skin
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keloid
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igG abs against epidermal basement membrane hemidesmosomes
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bullous pemphigoid
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potentially fatal autoimmune skin disoder onvolving bullae of oral mucosa and skin
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pemphigous vulgaris
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igG abs to apidermal cell surface desmosomes
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pemphigous vulgaris
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warts on hands
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verruca vulgaris
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warts on genitals
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condyloma accuminata
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keratin "pearls" associated to sunligh and arsenic
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squamous cell carcinoma
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wegener's like without granuloma
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microscopic polyangiitis - p-anca
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vasculitis limited to kidney
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primary pauci immune crescentic glomerulonephritis
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granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia
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churg-strauss syndrome
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arteriovenous malformation in small vessels
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telangiectasia
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