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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Munro Abcess
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neutrophillic abcess of psoriasis in parakeratotic stratum corneum
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Sturge Weber
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portwine stain
ipsilat glaucoma meningeal hemangiomas |
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vHL
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multiple vasc tumors, throughout many organ systems.
retinal hemangioblastomas CNS and spinal hemangioblastomas renal cell carcinoma pheochromocytoma Autosomal dominant |
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keloid
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abnl prolif of CT -
deranged arrangment of collagen fibers |
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Basal cell carcinoma
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most common of all malignant skin tumors.
palisading nuclei |
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Superficial Peroneal nerve innervation
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peroneous longus and peroneous brevis
also sensation to the dorsum of the foot except for the first web space |
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Geniohyoid vs hyoglossus vs palatoglossos
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Geniohyoid protrudes tongue, hyoglossos pulls tongue back in
Palatoglossos innervated by 10 function to retract and pull up tongue. |
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Bisphosphonates
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used for osteoporosis, pagets dz of bone, multiple myeloma
inhibits osteoclast resorption of bone |
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Ribs and cartilage and sternum
Which ribs articulate with the sternum directly via their costal cartilage? Which ribs articulate with the sternum indirectly via another rib’s costal cartilage? Which ribs do not articulate with the sternum? |
ribs 1-7
8-10 11-12 The head of rib 5 articulates with the body of the T4 and T5 vertebrae. The tubercle of rib 5 articulates with the transverse process of the T5 vertebra. |
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Renal osteodystrophy
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abnormally elevated serum phosphate (hyperphosphatemia) and low serum calcium (hypocalcemia), both of which are due to decreased excretion/no excretion of phosphate by the damaged kidney, low vitamin D levels and/or tertiary hyperparathyroidism (a dysfunction of the parathyroid gland due to constant stimulation).
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Codmans triangle
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found in osteosarcoma - malignant osteoblasts
metaphysis, around knee, most common primary malignant tumor of bone. |
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Rheumatoid Factor
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Anti IgG antibody
(IgM against Fc portion) |
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Myotonic Dystrophy
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Myotonia - inability to relax contracted muscles
wasting of distal limb and facial muscles cataracts, testicular atrophy, baldness Incr CTG repeats, anticipation, AD, Cr 19 |
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wide osteoid seams
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osteomalacia or rickets
from poor mineralization of bone increased osteoid increased osteoblasts |
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Glucocorticoid SE
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hypocalcemia
hypernatremia hyperkalemia cushinoid facies etc |
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DMAR
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Rheumatoid Arth suppression
Methotrexate, azathioprine, penicillamine, hydroxychloriquine, chloroquine, organic gold compounds and sulfasalazine. |
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anterior and posterior digastric muscles
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anterior is innervated by trigeminal (depresses mandible)
posterior is innervated by facial nerve |
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what nerve can be injured in a shoulder dislocation - and which direction?
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Axillary nerve
anterior inferior dislocations most common post dislocations in sz |
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DMD vs BMD
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Duchennes is usually a frameshift mutation due to a the largest human gene (dystrophin) has a lot of repeats thus slippage happens. 5% of nl dystrophin levels
Beckers - point mutations that allow some function, 30-80% of nl dystrophin levels |
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axillary artery runs through what point of the brachial plexus
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runs through the cords. Thus
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Bone involvement breast vs prostate cancer
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breast cancer mets has blastic and lytic lesions
prostate mets is mainly blastic |
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what kind of collagen is found in articular cartilate
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type 2 collagen
hyaline and articular cartilages |
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benzaprine
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centrally acting muscle relaxant similar in stx to TCA
like amitryptiline |
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piroxicam
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NSAID - long half life - once a day - takes 2 weeks to reach therapeutic effect. less GI irritation
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Thoracic outlet sydnrome
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Btw Anterior scalene posterior scalene muscles lies the brachial plexus and the subclavian art. THe phrenic nerve goes over the top of the ant scalene.
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Vimentin
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Connetive tissue
cytoskeletal actin and microtubule type fillaments |
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Desmin
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Intermediate filaments of muscle
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S100
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melanoma
neural crest cells 50% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and clear cell sarcomas. |
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where do you find the dorsalis pedis pulse
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btw the extensor hallucis longus and the extensor digitorum tendons
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silver sulfadiazine
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topical cream used for 2nd and 3rd degree burns. broad spectrum of activity including fungals
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Wickott Aldrich
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X linked. Lack of IgM - lots of pyogenic infections
High IgA and IgE thrombocytopenia purpura, eczema, |
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boxer frax
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frax of the 5th metacarpal neck
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cervical rib
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thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery. Compression of the brachial plexus may be identified by weakness of the muscles around the muscles in the hand, near the base of the thumb. Compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed by finding a positive Adson's sign on examination, where the radial pulse in the arm is lost during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder.
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Osgood Schlatter Dz
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avulsion of tibial tubercle, avasc necrosis.
swelling and pain below the knee. |
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sensation to the lateral forearm - what nerve
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musculocutaneous
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rheumtoid lung nodules and pneumoconiosis
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caplan syndrome
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Gout over producer vs underexretor
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overproducer- allopurinol
underexcretor - probenacid, sulfinapyrizine |
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Tophus
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tophus is a sign of Monosodium urate in soft tiss -sign of chronic gout
severe joint destruction if close to jt only allopurinol once you have a tophus |
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why does alcohol cause gout?
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ETOh causes metabolic acidosis via lactic acidosis and beta hydroxy butyric acid
-the kidney can only excrete so much acidic stuff. Thus you're making the kidneys secrete a lot of lactic acid and competing with Uric acid secreation |
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Bells palsy
bilateral unilateral |
bilateral - lymes dz
unilateral - herpes or other |
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Erythema chronicum migrans with hemolytic anemia
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babesia microtis
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Mechanism of osteoporosis
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break down more bone than you're making
not enough estrogen to inhibit Il-1 osteoclast activating factor overall reduction in total bone mass |
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Most common cause adolescent
hepatocellular carcinoma |
alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency variants - nl pan acinar emphysema
alpha1 antitrypsin variant that doesn't leave liver - hepatocellular carcinoma in adolescent |
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Triplet repeat
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Huntingtons- AD
Myotonic Dystrophy - AD - heart, and other abnl Fragile X Friedrichs Ataxia - all have anticipation |
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Fragile X syndrome
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triplet repeat syndrome of X-linked mental retardation. Boys with the syndrome may have large testes (macroorchidism), prognathism, hypotonia and autism, and a characteristic but variable face with large ears, long face, high-arched palate, and malocclusion. Additional abnormalities may include lordosis, heart defect, pectus excavatum, flat feet, shortening of the tubular bones of the hands, and joint laxity.
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Myasthenia gravis
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type 2 hypersensitivity.
Thymoma in 15% of cases thymectimy - in thymus they have GC - bcell hyperplasia is most often seen -. thymectomy can be curative |
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SLE serum markers
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Anti smith - 100% specificity (no false positives)
ANA - 99% sensitivity Anti DsDNA - also means kidney dz |
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LE cell
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antiDNA antibodies reacting against the DNA - with N/T phagocytosing it.
SLE but nonspecific |
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Anti Rho (or SSA)
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Sjogrens Syndrome
SLE - can have this and it can cross the placenta leading to fetal heart block by attacking the conducting system. |
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Malassesia Furfura
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Fungus
seborrheic dermatitis - could be an aids defining lesion. |
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microsporum canus
trichophyton contrans |
tinea capitus
most common causes of tinea capitis is trichophyton contrans. |
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trichophyton rubrum
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does all superficial tinea infections besides capitus
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Molluscum contagiosum
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poxvirus - dna virus
chronically autoinfect |
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black people get what kind of melanoma
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Acrolentiginous Melanoma
most aggressive form of melanoma has nothing to do with radiation. Under the nails, palms, sole of feet. |
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Where are your androgen receptors in the skin
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Sebaceous Gland
- leads to more zits in men bc of the proprionobacterium acnes will break down the fat from the sebaceous gland that produce FA that irritate the follicle. |
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What do you use to prevent hiruitism
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Spironolactone blocks the angrogen receptors
also causes gynocomastia. |
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amyloid deposition in renal dialysis
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beta 2 microglobulin
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amyloid deposit of multiple myeloma
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AL amyloid from immunoglobin light chain
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prealbumin/transthyretin deposition
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amyloid
cardiomyopathic hereditary - senile systemic amyloid neuropathic hereditary syndromes |
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senile cardiac amyloid
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localized
ANP related fibrils |
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Causes of a decr ESR
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Polycythemia, CHF, Sickle Cell
cells take longer to settle |
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Risk for transfusion rxn
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females who have had pregnancies because nl people will not have anti HLA antibodies without exposure to another persons HLA blood.
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24 hrs jaundice in newborn
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ABO incompatiblity.
physiologic jaundice of the newborn starts on day 3 |
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Superior epigastric artery innervation
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descends rectus abdominus within rectus sheathto innervate anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm and peritoneum
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Ant intercostal arteries
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12 vessels that supply the upper six intercostal spaces and provide branches to the intercostal, serratus anterior and pectoral muscles.
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Musculophrenic artery
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supplies pericardium, diaphragm and muscle of the abdominal wall
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Pericardiophrenic artery
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follows phrenic nerve to supply pleura, pericardium and upper surface of the diaphram.
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