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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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unhappy triad
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caused by clipping from the lateral side
damage to MCL, ACL, and MM |
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Rotator cuff
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
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Supraspinatus
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helps deltoid abduct arm
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Infraspinatus
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laterally rotates arm
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Teres minor
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adducts and laterally rotates arm
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Subscapularis
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medially rotates and adducts arm
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RC impingment syndrome
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impingement of supraspinatus due to repetative overhead activity and/or narrow supraspinatus outlet
empty can test |
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shoulder dislocation
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head of humerus rotates out of glenoid cavity
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shoulder separation
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clavicle separates from acromion and coracoid process of scapula
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structures damaged in an anterior shoulder dislocation
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axillary nerve, supraspinatus, anterior glenuhumeral ligaments and glenoid labrum separation from articular surface of anterior glenoid neck, posterolateral humeral head defect
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achondroplasia
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AD; failure of longitudinal bone growth (epiphyseal plate not working right); membraneous ossification not affected
impaired cartilage maturation in growth plate caused by FGF receptor maturation |
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OA
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mechanical wear and tear; pain in weight bearing joints after use, improving with rest, no systemic symptoms
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RA
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AI inflammatory disorder affecting synovial joints with pannus formation joints (MCP, PIP), subQ rheumatoid nodules, ulnar deviation, sublux
RF- IgM against IgG contant morning stiffness improving with use; symmetric joint involvement, systemic sxs |
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OP
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reduction in bone mass in spite of normal bone mineralization
vertebral crush fractures, acute back pain, loss of height, distal radius fractures |
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OP R/F
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age, smoking, long term corticosteroid use, heparin use, decreased testosterone, estrogen, white, thin, not exercising, vit D def, poor Ca intake
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OP treatment
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bisphosphonates (inhibit osteoclastic activity, increased GERD), vit D, Ca, exercise, avoid smoking, PTH, calcitonin, testosterone, estrogen, raloxifene
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osteopetrosis
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failure of normal bone resorption - thickened dense bones
bone function is due to abnormal function of osteoclasts serum Ca, P and alk phos are normal decreased marrow space |
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osteomalacia/rickets
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defective mineralization of osteoid - soft bones; vit D def in adults-->decreased Ca-->increased PTH-->decreased P
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Osteitis fibrosa cystica
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caused by hyperparathyroidism; characterized by brown tumors- high serum calcium, low serum phosphorus, , high alk phos
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Pagets
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abnormal bone architecture caused by increased in OB and OC activity
serum Ca, P, and PTH are nl; alk phos is elevated; may have high output CHF or fxs, bone pain and bone deformity; may lead to osteosarcoma |
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Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
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bone is replaced by collagen, irregular bony trabeculae
albrights - multiple unilateral bone lesions associated with endocrine abnl and unilateral pigmented skin lesions |
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osteoid osteoma
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interlacing trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts, less than 2 cm and foudn in proximal tibia and femur
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osteoblastoma
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same as osteoid osteoma, but larger and found in vertebral column
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giant cell tumor
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at epiphyseal ends of long bones; peak incidience at 20-40 years; locally aggressive benign tumor often around distal femur, proximal tibial region
double bubble, soap buble; MNGC |
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osteochondroma
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most common benign bone tumor; mature bone with cartilaginous cap; men <25; originates from long metaphysis; malignant transformation to chrondrosarcoma is rare
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endochondroma
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benign cartilaginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone; usually distal extremities
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osteosarcoma
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most common primary malignant tumor of bone; peak incidence in men 10-20; metaphysis of long bones; predisposition include pagets, bone infarcts, radiation, familial RB; see Codmans triangle
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Ewings
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anaplastic blue cell malignant tumor; boys < 15; extremely aggressive with early mets but responsive to chemo; onion skin appearance; in diaphysis; 11;22 translocation
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chondrosarcoma
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malignant cartilaginous tumor; men 3-60; in pelvis, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia or femur; may be of primary origin or from osteochrondroma
expansile glistening mass within medullary cavity |
