Musculoskeletal

Front 1

What are common traumatic disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Back 1

sprain, strain, fx, dislocations

Front 2

what is a sprain

Back 2

injury to ligament and surrounding joint caused by sudden twist, wrench or fall

Front 3

what are s/s of sprain

Back 3

instablity of joint, loss of motion, pain, edema, ecchymosis, increased pain with use

Front 4

what does RICE mean

Back 4

rest ice compression elevation

Front 5

what is a strain

Back 5

injury to muscle/tendon overuse/overstretching, small tear that causes bleeding in tissues

Front 6

s/s of a strain

Back 6

swelling, local tenderness sharp/dull pain, increased pain with contraction of muscle

Front 7

When to use ice on sprain/strain

Back 7

immediatley to treat edema, 20-30 min, off for hour

Front 8

how is strain/sprain dx?

Back 8

x ray, reveals edema no joint injury

Front 9

what is dislocation

Back 9

surface of joints no longer intact

Front 10

s/s of dislocation

Back 10

local pain, loss of fxn, change in length contour or shape

Front 11

what are some types of reductions

Back 11

self closed and orif

Front 12

what are complications of dislocations

Back 12

hinder blood supply, nerve damage torn ligaments, rupture of muscle attachments

Front 13

what are some types of dislocations

Back 13

traumatic congenital pathologic

Front 14

what is closed/simple fx

Back 14

skin over fx intact

Front 15

what is open/compound fx

Back 15

opening in skin, bone visible

Front 16

what is complete fx

Back 16

fx thru bone in two parts

Front 17

incomplete fx

Back 17

partial break to bone

Front 18

transverse fx

Back 18

bone fx str8 across

Front 19

oblique fx

Back 19

break extends in oblique angle

Front 20

spiral fx

Back 20

break partially encirles bone

Front 21

greenstick fx

Back 21

one side broken, other side bent

Front 22

impacted fx

Back 22

fx bone driven into other bone

Front 23

comminuted fx

Back 23

splintered/crushed with more than 3 fragments

Front 24

depressed fx

Back 24

bone driven inwards

Front 25

pathological fx

Back 25

disease, weak bone

Front 26

what is avulsion fx

Back 26

tearing of main bone, rmvd/detached

Front 27

stress fx

Back 27

fine/hairline fx

Front 28

colles fx

Back 28

usually happens when bracing fall

Front 29

s/s of fx

Back 29

pain, tenderness no fxn spasms deformed edema bruising crepitus

Front 30

what are stages of fx healing

Back 30

hematoma fibrocartilage callus ossification( 3wks to 6 months)

Front 31

what are trmnts for fx

Back 31

emergency care, reduction casting traction

Front 32

what does emergency care for fx consist of

Back 32

immobilize joint above/below fx neck collar, back board, cover w/sterile dressing, check pulses color mvmnt sensation before/after

Front 33

what is fx reduction

Back 33

alignment of bone

Front 34

what are types of reductions

Back 34

closed - manual local/general anesthisa or cast

open - surgical intevention to attach devices to hold bone

Front 35

what is casting of fx

Back 35

immobilize and protect while healing

Front 36

Interventions of casting

Back 36

handle w/palm ofhand, montior circulatory, examine skin, pressure areas, warmth, drainage color(may window)

Front 37

what are tractions

Back 37

force in two direxctions to realign bones

Front 38

what is skin traction

Back 38

light weights, to adhesive tape

Front 39

types of skin tractions

Back 39

bucks, bryants russell cervical pelvic balanced

Front 40

what is skeletal traction

Back 40

continous reduction to bone

Front 41

what are some skeletal tractions

Back 41

fixations, crutchfield tongs, halo

Front 42

what are some traction tips

Back 42

proper alignment weights hanging free not to move weights pullyes not obstructed no fraying, monitor limb pin care

Front 43

complications of fxs

Back 43

infxn fat embolism compartment syndrome avascular necrosis pulmonary embolism delayed union

Front 44

What are types of bones?

Back 44

long short flat irregular

Front 45

what are some type of joints

Back 45

synarthrosis amphiarthrosis diathrosis condyloid

Front 46

what synarthrosis

Back 46

fibrous/fixed joints no movement

Front 47

what is amphiarthrosis

Back 47

slightly moveable

Front 48

what is diarthrosis

Back 48

synovial and ball and socket

Front 49

what is condyloid

Back 49

freely moving joints

Front 50

What is arthroplasty

Back 50

replacement of joint to restore fxn, relieve pain correct deformity

Front 51

what causes arthroplasty

Back 51

changes that result in impaired mobility pain and deformity

Front 52

what are s/s of arthroplasty

Back 52

pain limited rom, limited weight bearing edema/skin changes around joint

Front 53

how is arthroplasty dx?

Back 53

x ray, arthorscopy

Front 54

How is arthorplasty treated

Back 54

replacement of joint with prosthesis

Front 55

What are nursing interventions for arthroplasty

Back 55

proper posistion
wound care
pain
assist with activities

Front 56

s/s fractured hip

Back 56

pain
leg shorter
foot points up/out
edema
discoloration

Front 57

How are fxd hips dx?

Back 57

xray

Front 58

How are fx hips treated

Back 58

bucks ext russell traction
closed/open reductions

Front 59

What are interventions for fx'd hip

Back 59

proper alignment
trochanter roll to prevent external rotation leg
abductor pillow
nt to exceed 60/80
trapeze
turn unaffected side
look for drainage
immobility complications

Front 60

Post op nursing interventions for fx hip

Back 60

HOB 30-45
no weight on leg, keep extended, supported
avoid crossing legs, bending

Front 61

what is total knee replacement

Back 61

sub for condoyles and tibial joint

Front 62

when should cpm machine be used with total knee surger

Back 62

24 -48 as prescribed or tolerated
give meds before
do not dangle
no weight

Front 63

what are complications of fx

Back 63

infection fat embolism compartment syndrome avascular necrosis pulmnary embolism delayed union

Front 64

How does an infection of a fx occur

Back 64

result of open fx external/internal

Front 65

fat embolism of fx

Back 65

fat from marrow travels to heart/lungs w/in 48 hours

Front 66

If small area of lung affected with fat embolism what happens

Back 66

tachycardia dyspnea pain

Front 67

If large area of lung infected by fat embolism what happens

Back 67

severe pain dyspnea cyanosis restlessness shock. Petachaie neck, shoulders, chest abdomen

Front 68

How is a fat embolism treated

Back 68

bed rest, oxygen Iv fluids, handle gently

Front 69

what is compartment syndrom

Back 69

increased pressure w/in one or more compartments causing impaired circulation

Front 70

s/s of compartment syndrome

Back 70

increased pain/swelling
pain with PASSIVE motion
pain NOT relieved by narcotic agent
numbness/tingling
diminshed cap refill, weak/unequal pulses or no pulse
notify dr immediately

Front 71

what avascular necrosis

Back 71

an interruption in the blood supply leads to death of bone

Front 72

s/s of avascular necrosis

Back 72

pain, decreased sensation

Front 73

what is pulmonary embolism

Back 73

blood clot to lung caused by immobility/fx

Front 74

s/s of pulmonary embolism

Back 74

restlessness/apprehension dyspnea diaphresis

Front 75

what is delayed union

Back 75

prolonged healing of bones

Front 76

what causes delayed union

Back 76

delayed fx reduction
inadequate immobilization
infxn
age

Front 77

what is an amputation

Back 77

partial/removal of body part

Front 78

complications of amputations

Back 78

infection
delayed healing
contractures
phantom pain

Front 79

infection in amputation

Back 79

drainage, odor, redness wound culture, increased discomfort and suture line chills fever tachycardia drop in bp

Front 80

delayed healing in amputation

Back 80

impaired circulation/infxn w/dDM AND PVD, elderly poor nutrition smoking

Front 81

contractures in amputation

Back 81

abnormal flexion/fixation of joint

Front 82

phantom pain of amputation

Back 82

along nerves of amputed part, trauma to nerves, pain is real to client

Front 83

what are some prothesis types

Back 83

bka and aka

Front 84

nursing implications of bka

Back 84

not to allow stump to hang over bed

Front 85

nursing implications of aka

Back 85

prevent internal/external roation of limb sandbag/rolled towel outside of thigh

Front 86

nursing implications of amputations

Back 86

note bleeding/drainage
evaluate phantom pain
1st 24hrs elevate, flat bed
elevate 8-12 on a pillow remove after 12
prone for 1 out of 4 hrs
maintain ace wrap

Front 87

what are repetive use injuries

Back 87

repetitive twisting turning

Front 88

carpal tunnel syndrome causes

Back 88

median nerve pinched/trapped

Front 89

what is bursitis

Back 89

inflammation due to friction b/t bursa and surrounding tissue

Front 90

what is epiconylitis

Back 90

inflammed tendon where bone inserts

Front 91

what are compact/cortical

Back 91

smooth, dense long shaft of bone

Front 92

what is spongy/cancellous

Back 92

spacious, bone marrow, red yellow(long bones)

Front 93

osteoblasts

Back 93

form bone

Front 94

osteocytes

Back 94

maintain bone

Front 95

osteoclasts

Back 95

resorb bone

Front 96

what is bone remodeling

Back 96

resorbed by clasts
deposisted by blasts

Front 97

what is an agonist

Back 97

prime mover, produces movement

Front 98

what is an antagonists

Back 98

relaxation whn prime mover contracting

Front 99

syngergistic muscle

Back 99

aid prime mover in movement

Front 100

isometric

Back 100

increases tension

Front 101

isotonic

Back 101

produces movment

Front 102

tonic

Back 102

muscle tone

Front 103

twitch

Back 103

jerky contraction

Front 104

tetanic

Back 104

sustained contraction