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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 types of muscle tissue
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1. SKELETAL
2. CARDIAC 3. SMOOTH |
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Skeletal muscle
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STRIATED, VOLUNTARY
not always |
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Cardiac muscle
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STRIATED, INVOLUNTARY
autorhythmic |
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Smooth muscle
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NOT STRIATED, INVOLUNTARY
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What 4 tissues make up muscle?
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1. MUSCLE TISSUE - skeletal, cardiac, smooth
2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE - fascia around muscle 3. EPITHELIAL TISSUE - blood vessels 4. NERVE TISSUE - nerve supply |
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What are the 5 functions of the muscular system?
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1. BODY MOVEMENT
2. STABILIZING BODY POSITION (posture, standing, sitting) 3. REGULATING ORGAN VOLUME 4. MOVING SUBSTANCES within the body (via muscle contraction) 5. PRODUCING HEAT (shivering) THERMOGENESIS |
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What are the 4 properties of muscle tissue?
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1. ELECTRICAL EXCITABILITY - ability to respond to electrical stimuli
3. EXTENSIBILITY - stretches 3. ELASTICITY - stretches and recoils 4. CONTRACTILITY - contracts |
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What are the 3 layers of fascia (sheet)?
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1. SUPERFICIAL - subQ fat, loose areolar, vessel pathway
2. DEEP - surrounds groups of different muscles; allows free movement of each muscle 3. DEEPER - 3 layers around 1 muscle. EPIMYSIUM, PERIMYSIUM, ENDOMYSIUM |
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Epimysium
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OUTERMOST LAYER, surrounds the entire muscle
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Perimysium
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SEPARATES FASCIICLES, surrounds fascicles
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Endomysium
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SEPARATES CELLS (muscle fibers) surrounds individual cells
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Tendons attach _________ to ___________.
Ligaments attach ________ to ___________. |
TENDONS ATTACH MUSCLE TO BONE
LIGAMENTS ATTACH BONE TO BONE |
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Myoblasts
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HUNDREDS FUSE IN UTERO --> 1 muscle fiber. After fusion, muscle cells NO LONGER DIVIDE in a lifetime...ever. They are MAINTAINED.
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Tell me about muscle fibers, their growth, regeneration, and repair.
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MUSCLE FIBERS ARE MULTI-NUCLEATED (100s of nuclei) and have RICH BLOOD and NERVE SUPPLY
GROWTH - HYPERTROPHY, increase in size of each cell REGENERATION IS LIMITED REPAIR - FIBROSIS, scar formation. |
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5 Components of muscle fibers
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1. SARCOLEMMA
2. SARCOPLASM 3. MYOFIBRILS 4. SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM 5. TRIAD |
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Sarcolemma
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PLASMA MEMBRANE; T-TUBULES (tunnels); an invagination of the cell membrane.
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Sacroplasm
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CYTOPLASM; rich in mitochondria, myoglobin, and glycogen
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Myofibrils
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A CONTRACTILE ORGANELLE WITHIN CELL MADE OF MYO FILAMENTS
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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STORES Ca+2 FOR CONTRACTION; TERMINAL STORAGE SACS; called TERMINAL CISTERNAE
ENCIRCLES EACH MYOFIBRIL |
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Triad
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2 TERMINAL CISTERNAE +
1 T-TUBULE |
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What is the basic unit of myofibrils?
What are it's parts? |
SARCOMERES
Parts: A-BAND I-BAND H-ZONE M-LINE |
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Myofibrils contain what proteins?
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MYOSIN "THICK" FILAMENTS
ACTIN "THIN" FILAMENTS |
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A-Band
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THICK AND THIN
MYOSIN AND ACTIN --> DARK |
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I-Band
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THIN - ACTIN --> WHITE
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H-Zone
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THICK - MYOSIN --> SOMEWHAT DARK
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M-Line
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MIDDLE - MYOSIN
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How are striations created?
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THE PATTERN/OVERLAP OF ZONES AND BANDS OF THE SARCOMERE
One sarcomere connects to another sarcomere connects another... |
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3 types of skeletal muscle proteins
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1. CONTRACILE
2. REGULATORY 3. STRUCTURAL |
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Contractile muscle proteins
(proteins that contract) |
MYOSIN "THICK" FILAMENT
ACTIN "THIN" FILAMENT |
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Regulatory muscle proteins
(switch contraction on/off) |
TROPOMYOSIN - COVERS MYOSIN BINDING SITE (indent in actin) WHEN NOT CONTRACTED
TROPONIN - HOLDS TROPOMYOSIN IN PLACE |
