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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Different olfactory areas & their functions |
Lateral olfactory area: conscious perception of smell Medial olfactory area: visceral and emotional reactions Intermediate olfactory area: effect modification of incoming information |
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What are taste buds & their functions |
Taste Bud: supporting cells surrounding taste(gustatory) cells *replaced about every 10 days *taste cells have micro-villi (gustatory hairs) extending into taste pores |
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Chemical Messengers |
Autocrine * released by cells and have a local effect on the same cell type Paracrine * released by cells & affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood Neurotransmitters * produced by neurons & secreted into extracellular spaces by presynaptic nerve terminals. Travels short distances. example ----> acetylcholine Endocrine Chemical Messengers *Type of intercellular signal. Produced by cells of endocrine glands, enter circulatory system, and affect distant cells. example---> estrogen |
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Characteristics of Hormones |
1. Stability 2. Communication * interaction w/ target cells 3. Distribution * hormones dissolve in blood plasma and are transported in unbound or are reversibly bound to plasma proteins |
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Half Life |
the length of time it takes for half a dose of substances to be eliminated from the circulatory system |
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Long half-life |
regulate activities that remain at a constant rate through time example ---> lipid- soluble hormones |
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Short half-life |
have a rapid onset and short duration example ----> water- soluble hormones |
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Patterns of Hormones Secretion |
Chronic Hormone Regulation Acute Hormone Regulation Episodic (Cyclic) Hormone Regulation |
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Chronic Hormone Regulation |
maintenance of relatively constant concentration of hormone example ----> thyroid hormone *all of your life |
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Acute Hormone Regulation |
epinephrine in response to stress * whenever you need it |
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Episodic (Cyclic) Hormone Regulation |
female reproductive hormones * monthly - aka: your period |
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How hormone secretion is regulated? |
* Most hormones controlled by negative feedback systems
* Most hormones are not secreted at constant rate but their secretion is regulated by 3 different methods 1. Neural control of endocrine gland 2. Control of secretory activity of one endocrine by hormone 3. The action of a substance other than a hormone on an endocrine gland |
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Function of hypothalamus |
To link the nervous system to the endocrine system, via the pituitary gland |
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How is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland (structure) |
Median eminence |
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Name the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland |
Anterior Pituitary Gland Posterior Pituitary Gland |
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Anterior Pituitary Gland |
darker stimulation secretes: LH, GH, FSH extension of the nervous system |
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Another name for anterior pituitary gland |
adenohypophysis |
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Posterior Pituitary Gland |
light direct connection to the hypothalamus secretes OT & ADH derived from the epithelial tissue of embryonic oral cavity |
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Another name for posterior pituitary gland is? |
neurohypophysis |
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Which pituitary gland has a direct connection to the hypothalamus? |
posterior pituitary gland |
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function of ADH *what is the stimulant that stimulates secretion |
osmorerecptors |
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Hormones of the Adrenal Gland |
mineralcorticoids : zona glomerulosa glucocorticods : zona fasciculata adrogens: zona recticularis |
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Function of Alpha/Beta/ Delta cells |
Alpha cells: secrete glucagon Beta cells : secrete insulin Delta cells: secrete somatostatin |
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What type of gland is the Pancreas |
The pancreas is both exocrine: secreting and endocrine: producing |
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What is the thin myofliament |
Actin |
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Function of tropoin |
regulate the interaction between active sites on the G actin and myosin |
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Which molecule consist of thick myofliament |
myosin |
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Location of smooth/skeletal/ cardiac muscle |
Smooth : hollow organs, GI tract , blood vessels Skeletal: entire skeletal system Cardiac- heart only |
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Similarities between cardiac and smooth muscle |
autorhythmic both are controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous system |
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Different papillae |
Filiform Vallate Foliate Fungiform |
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I-form ; filament shaped |
Filiform |
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Surrounded by a wall |
Vallate |
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I-form ; filament shaped |
Filiform |
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Surrounded by a wall |
Vallate |
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Leaf shaped |
Foliate |
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filament shaped |
Filiform |
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Surrounded by a wall |
Vallate |
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Leaf shaped |
Foliate |
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Mushroomshaped |
Fungiform |
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Beta endorphins |
Have the same effects as opiate drugs, such as morphine, and they can play a role in pain relief in response to stress and exercise. |
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Beta endorphins |
Have the same effects as opiate drugs, such as morphine, and they can play a role in pain relief in response to stress and exercise. |
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Regulation of body temp. Food intake, and water balance |
Beta endorphins |
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Increased metabolic rate Weight loss, increased appetite Copious sweating Weak skeletal muscles Insomnia, restlessness Soft smooth hair and skin |
Hyperthyroidism |
