Muscular System

Front 1

Frontalis

Back 1

A: wrinkles the skin of forehead, elevates eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly

Front 2

Orbicularis oris

Back 2

A: closes, protrudes, and purses lips

"kissing muscle"

Front 3

Orbicularis Oculi

Back 3

A: depresses superior eyelid, elevates inferior eyelid, tightens skin around eyes

Front 4

Buccinator

Back 4

A: compresses cheek inward (as in whistling)

Front 5

Platysma

Back 5

A: depresses mandible, pulls lower lip back and down (as in pouting)

Front 6

Muscles of Mastication:

Temporalis

Back 6

A: elevates and retracts mandible

Front 7

Muscles of Mastication:

Masseter

Back 7

A: elevates mandible and closes jaw

Front 8

Muscles that Act on the Neck:

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 8

A: simultaneous contraction of both: flexes neck forward.

Individual Action: rotates head to shoulder on opposite side

Front 9

Muscles that Act on the Scapula:

Trapezius

Back 9

A: extends head; retracts scapula

Front 10

Muscles that Act on the Scapula:

Pectoralis minor

Back 10

A: depresses and protracts scapula, elevates ribs

Front 11

Muscles that Act on the Scapula:

Serratus anterior

Back 11

A: abducts and stabilizes scapula

Front 12

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

Deltoid

Back 12

A: flexes, extends, abducts, medial and laterally rotates arm

Front 13

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

Latissimus dorsi

Back 13

A: extends, adducts, and medial rotates arm

Front 14

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

Pectoralis major

Back 14

A: primary mover of arm flexion; adducts and medially rotates arm; with arm fixed, pulls chest forward (as in forced inspiration)

Front 15

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

***Supraspinatus***

Back 15

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: abducts and laterally rotates arm

Front 16

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

***Infraspinatus***

Back 16

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: abducts and laterally rotates arm

Front 17

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

***Teres minor***

Back 17

O: axillary border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: adducts, extends, and laterally rotates arm

Front 18

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

Teres major

Back 18

A: extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus

Front 19

Muscles that Act on the Arm:

***Subscapularis***

Back 19

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

A: medially rotates arm

Front 20

Muscles that Act on the Forearm:

***Biceps Brachii***

Back 20

O: long head = supraglenoid tubercle

I: radial tuberosity of radius

A: flexes and supinates forearm

("turns the corkscrew and pulls out the cork")

Front 21

Muscles that Act on the Forearm:

Brachilais

(deep to Biceps brachii)

Back 21

A: flexes forearm

Front 22

Muscles that Act on the Forearm:

Brachioradialis

Back 22

A: flexes forearm

Front 23

Muscles that Act on the Forearm:

Pronator teres

Back 23

A: flexes forearm; pronates forearm

Front 24

Muscles that Act on the Forearm:

Triceps brachii

Back 24

A: extends forearm

Front 25

Muscles that Act on the Forearm:

Supinator

(deep to brachioradialis)

Back 25

A: acts with biceps brachii to supinate forearm

Front 26

Muscles that act on the hands and digits :

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 26

A: flexes wrist; abducts hand

Front 27

Muscles that Act on the hands and digits:

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 27

A: flexes and adducts hand

Front 28

Muscles that Act on the hands and digits:

Extensor digitorum

Back 28

A: extends hand; extends digits 2-5

Front 29

Muscles that Act on the hands and digits:

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 29

A: extends and adducts hand

Front 30

Muscles that act on the Trunk:

Rectus abdominis

Back 30

A: compresses anterior abdominal wall, flexes trunk

Front 31

Muscles that act on the Trunk:

External oblique

Back 31

A: compresses anterior abdominal wall, flexes trunk, rotates trunk, depresses lower ribs

Front 32

Muscles that act on the Trunk:

Internal oblique

Back 32

A: compresses anterior abdominal wall, flexes trunk, rotates trunk, depresses lower ribs

Front 33

Muscles that act on the Trunk:

Transverse abdominis

Back 33

A: compresses anterior abdominal contents

Front 34

Muscles that Act on the Hip and Knee:

Iliopsoas

Back 34

A: flexes trunk and hip

Front 35

Muscles that Act on the Hip and Knee:

Adductor longus

Back 35

A: adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh

Front 36

Muscles that Act on the Hip and Knee:

Gracilis

Back 36

A: adducts hip and flexes leg

Front 37

Muscles that Act on the Hip and Knee:

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 37

A: abducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

Front 38

Muscles that Act on the Hip and Knee:

Sartorius

Back 38

A: flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee

Front 39

Quadriceps Femoris Group:

***Rectus Femoris***

Back 39

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

Front 40

Quadriceps Femoris Group:

***Vastus lateralis***

Back 40

O: greater trochanter and linea aspera

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extends leg at knee

Front 41

Quadriceps Femoris Group:

***Vastus medialis***

Back 41

O: linea aspera of femur

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extends leg at knee

Front 42

Quadriceps Femoris Group:

***Vastus intermedius***

Back 42

O: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extends leg at knee

Front 43

Quadriceps Femoris Group:

Gluteus medius

Back 43

A: abducts and medially rotates hip

Front 44

Quadriceps Femoris Group:

Gluteus maximus

Back 44

A: extends and laterally rotates hip

Front 45

Hamstring Group

***Biceps femoris***

Back 45

O: long head = ischial tuberosity

short head = linea aspera

I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

A: long head = extends hip and flexes knee

short head = flexes knee

Front 46

Hamstring Group:

***Semitendinosus***

Back 46

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial surface of upper tibial shaft

A: extends hip and flexes knee

Front 47

Hamstring Group:

***Semimembranosus***

Back 47

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

A: extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg

Front 48

Muscles that Act Primarily on Foot and Digits:

Tibialis anterior

Back 48

A: dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Front 49

Muscles that Act Primarily on Foot and Digits:

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 49

A: dorsiflexes, everts foot, and extends digits 2-5

Front 50

Muscles that Act Primarily on Foot and Digits:

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Back 50

A: plantar flexes and everts foot

Front 51

Muscles that Act Primarily on Foot and Digits:

Gastrocnemius

Back 51

A: flexes knee and plantar flexes foot

Front 52

Muscles that Act Primarily on Foot and Digits:

Soleus

Back 52

A: plantar flexes foot

Front 53

Connective Tissue Structures:

Linea Alba

Back 53

tough, fibrous band of CT that extends from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis

Front 54

Connective Tissue Structures:

Thoracolumbar fascia

Back 54

triangular or diamond shaped sheet of CT in region of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Front 55

Connective Tissue Structures:

Inguinal ligament

Back 55

CT strip running from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

Front 56

Connective Tissue Structures:

Flexor retinaculum

Back 56

located on the palmar surface of the carpal bones it loops around the wrist like a bracelet

Front 57

Connective Tissue Structures:

Extensor retinaculum

Back 57

located on the dorsal surface of the carpal bones. The extensor tendons of the wrist and digits pass through it

Front 58

Connective Tissue Structures:

Iliotibial band (tract)

Back 58

thick CT structure that runs laterally along the thigh where it links with tendons of gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae muscles

Front 59

Connective Tissue Structures:

Patellar ligament

Back 59

CT strip running from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity

Front 60

Connective Tissue Structures:

Calcaneal (Achille's) tendon

Back 60

union of gastrocnemius and soleus tendon

Front 61

Muscles of mastication:

Medialpterygoid

Back 61

A: Elevates mandible and moves it side to side

Front 62

Muscles of mastication:

Lateral pterygoid

Back 62

A: Protracts mandible & moves it side to side

Front 63

Muscles of mastication:

Digastric

Back 63

"V" shape under the chin

A: Depresses mandible

Front 64

Muscles that movethe pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle):

Internal intercostals

Back 64

A: Depressesrib cage during expiration

Front 65

Muscles that movethe pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle):

External intercostals

Back 65

A: Elevates rib cage during inspiration

Front 66

Muscles that movethe hand and/or digits:

Palmaris longus

Back 66

A: Weak wrist flexor

Front 67

Muscles that movethe foot and/or digits:

Flexor digitorum longus

Back 67

A: Toe flexion, plantar flexion of foot, inverts foot

Front 68

Muscles that extend thespine:

Erector spinae

Back 68

iliocostalis thoracis + longissimus thoracis+ spinalis thoracis

A: Prime mover of back extension