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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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types of muscle tissue
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1 skeletal
2 cardiac 3 smooth |
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define skeletal muscle tissue
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striated AND voluntary
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lined
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deFine cardiac muscle tissue
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striated AND non voluntary
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lined
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deFine smooth muscle tissue
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non striated AND involuntary
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FunctIons of Muscle tissue
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1 produce body movement
2 stabilIze body position 3 storing and moving substances in body (sphincter muscles) 4 generating heat (thermogenesis) |
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properties of muscle tissue
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1 electrically excitable
2 contractility 3 extensibility 4 elasticity |
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deFine electrically excitable
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respond to electrical stimuli
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deFine contractility
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contact fully w/ stimuli
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define extensibility
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stretch w/o any damage
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deFine elasticity
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ability to return to original shape after contraction or extension
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what is skeletal muscle made of
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connective tissue and nerve/blood supply
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components of Connective tissue
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1 fascia
2 deep fascia |
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deFine fascia
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superficial hypodermis
seperates muscle from skin contains areolar and adipose |
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deFine deep fascia
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holds muscle with similar functions together
made of dense irregular CT |
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layers of CT
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epimysium
perimysium endomysium |
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deFine epimysium
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CT surrounding the entire muscle
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yellow
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deFine perimysium
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CT that surrounds muscle bundles(fasicles)
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red
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deFine endomysium
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CT that surrounds each muscle fiber (cell)
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purple
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what happens when all the CT layers coalesce?
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they form a tendon
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deFine aponeurosis
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flat tendon like structure where attachments are broad
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describe the nerve and blood supply of a muscle
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1 motor neuron Connected at NMJ
arteries and veins for oxygenation and waste removal |
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deFine somatic
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voluntary
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describe the anatomy of muscle fibers (cells)
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*gigantic cells
*multi nucleated *sarcolemma *T tubules *sarcoplasmic reticulum *myofibrals *filaments |
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why are muscle fibers (cells) multi nucleated
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(due to combo of cells during development that fuse but do not lose nuclei)
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what is the sarcolemma
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the plasma membrane of the muscle
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what are T tubules
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transverse tubules are the entrance of the electrical signal
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what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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the ER of muscles, it stores CA+ ions specifically at terminal cisterns on each side
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what is it called when the sarcolemma, t tubules, and SR are combined
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a triad
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deFine myofibrals
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cylinders that make up most of the muscle
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contain thick and thin filament mitochondria and some cytoplasm
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what are thin filaments made of
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actin
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what are tHick filaments made of
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myosin
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what kind of proteins are actin and myosin
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Contractile
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deFine sarcomere
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the functional unit of a muscle
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deFine z discs
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what separates one sarcomere from the next
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deFine a band
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the dark bands
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deFine I bands
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the light bands
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deFine h zone
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center with no thin* filaments
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what is titan
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a very strong and elastic coiled protein
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what does tropomysin do
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covers binding site
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what does troponin do
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holds tropomysin in place
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what binds to troponin
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Ca ions
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how does a muscle contract
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the thick and thin muscle fibers slide past each other
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define nueromuscular junction
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area of contact between nueron and sarcolemma
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define synapse
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region where nerve cell communicates with other cells thru Ach
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motor end plate
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area on the sarcolemma where Ach receptors are found
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synaptic end bulbs
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expanded ends of nueron
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define creatine phosphate
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high energy for quick energy bursts
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anaerobic respiration
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no O2 provides energy at peak of muscular activity
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aerobic activity
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needs O2 used for endurance activity
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muscle fatigue
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inability to contract
caused by lack of Ca / O2 / nutrients or problems at NMJ |
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oxygen debt is paid after excercise by
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heavy breathing
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why is oxygen replenishment necessary for muscles
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removal of lactic acid
elevated body temp heart and respiratory muscles work harder tissue repair |
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what does force of contraction depend on
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# of muscles stimulated
frequency of stimulation amt of stretch prior to contraction nutrient and oxygen availability |
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define motor unit
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a single nueron and all muscle fibers it excites
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what are small in size and amount motor units for
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fine movements
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define recruitment
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large amounts of motor units activated starting with weakest first then strongest
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phases of twitch contraction
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latent
contraction relaxation |
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define wave summation
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signals with wave intensities that slight increase
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unfused tetanus
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stimuli arrive close together but partial relaxation still occurs
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fused tetanus
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stimuli arrive very close together
NO relaxation possible occurs in most muscle contraction |
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define muscle tone
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resting tension
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types of contraction
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isotonic
isometric |
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define isotonic
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muscle change in length
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define isometric
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muscle does not change
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pushing against something that doesnt move anyway
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define slow oxidative fibers
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slow narrow and dont fatigue easy
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good for endurance
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fast oxidative fibers
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middle fibers
good for aerobic endurance |
walkin or sprinting
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fast glycolytic fibers
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contract quick and strong
large fatigue easily |
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rectus
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parallel to midline
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transverse
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perpendicular to midline
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oblique
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diagnol to midline
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maximus
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largest
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minimus
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smallest
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longus
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long
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brevis
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short
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latissimus
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widest
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longissimus
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longest
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magnus
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large
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minor
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smaller
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vastus
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huge
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deltoid
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triangular
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trapezius
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trapezoid
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serratus
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saw toothed
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rhomboid
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diamond shaped
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orbicularis
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circular
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pectinate
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comblike
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piriformis
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pear shaped
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platys
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flat
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quadratus
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square
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gracilis
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slender
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flexor
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decrease angle
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extensor
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increase angle
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abductor
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away from midline
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adductor
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towards midline
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levator
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raises body part
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depressor
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lowers body part
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supinator
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Palm anterior
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pronator
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postetiorly
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sphincter
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decrease in opening size
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tensor
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makes body part rigid
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rotator
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rotates bone
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bicep
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2 origin
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tricep
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three origins
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quadriceps
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4 origins
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parallel fassicles
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parallel to long axis that terminate at either end
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fusiform
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Looks like a belly nOt perfectly parallel
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circular
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obvious. .. form sphincter
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triangular
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spread over broad area
muscle converge At thick tendon |
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upipennate
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fasicles on only one side of tendon
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bipennate
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fasicles on both sides of tendon
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multipennate
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oblique fasicles on tendon
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