Muscular System

Front 1

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Back 1

Frontalis

Front 2

pulls scalp posteriorly

Back 2

Occipitalis

Front 3

closes eye; produces winking, blinking, squinting ("blink" muscle)

Back 3

Orbicularis Oculi

Front 4

Closes and protrudes lips; used in whistling and forming many letters during speech; the "kissing muscle"

Back 4

Orbicularis oris

Front 5

elevates corner of mouth; "smiling" muscle

Back 5

Zygomaticus

Front 6

compresses cheek as in blowing sucking whistling; holds food between teeth during chewing

Back 6

Buccinator

Front 7

Draws down the lower lip and angles of the mouth; tenses skin of the neck; helps depress mandible

Back 7

Platysma

Front 8

chewing muscle; closes mouth

Back 8

Masseter

Front 9

closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible

Back 9

Temporalis

Front 10

Elevates and retracts hyoid bone"swallow"

Back 10

Stylohyoid

Front 11

flexes neck; rotates head

Back 11

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 12

Extends head

Back 12

Splenius capitus

Front 13

The function of the muscular system is to:

Back 13

Provide movement and change in body position relative to environment

Front 14

What are the 4 characteristics of muscle fibers?

Back 14

Elastic Excitable Extensible Contractable

Front 15

Name the 3 types of muscle tissues.

Back 15

Smooth Skeletal Cardiac

Front 16

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

Back 16

Epimysium

Front 17

Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

Back 17

Endomysium

Front 18

Individual bundles of muscle fibers

Back 18

Fasicluli(pl.) Fasicle(s.)

Front 19

Connective tissue that surrounds individual fasciculi

Back 19

Perimysium

Front 20

Fibrous connective tissue, continuous with mysium that connects muscle to bone

Back 20

Tendon

Front 21

Connective tissue that extends as a flat, broad layer

Back 21

Aponeurosis

Front 22

Name the 8 arrangement types of fasciculi

Back 22

Parallel Quadrilateral Fusiform Convergent Pennate Unipennate Bipennate Circular

Front 23

What are the major characteristics of parallel muscles?

Back 23

Long, strap-like and run parallel to longitudinal axis. EX. Sartorius and rectus abdominus

Front 24

Give an example of a quadrilateral muscle.

Back 24

Stylohyoid muscle

Front 25

What are the major characteristics of fusiform muscles?

Back 25

Nearly parallel to longitudinal axis and terminate at either end in flat tendons. EX. Biceps brachii

Front 26

What are the major characteristics of convergent muscles?

Back 26

Broad fascicle origin with narrow insertions and are triangle or fan shaped. EX. Deltoid and Pectoralis major

Front 27

What are the main characteristics of pennate muscles?

Back 27

Short, obliquely directed fasciculi with tendons that extend nearly the entire muscle and tire quickly.

Front 28

Pennate muscles with fasciculi only on 1 side of a tendon are called:

Back 28

Unipennate muscles EX. Extensor digitorum longus

Front 29

Pennate muscles with fasciculi on both sides of a centrally located tendon are called:

Back 29

Bipennate muscles EX. Rectus femoris

Front 30

Circular muscles:

Back 30

Enclose an orfice and act as a sphincter with fasciculi arranged in a circular pattern EX. Orbicularis oris

Front 31

Muscle origins are attached to more_______bones, while insertions attach to more______structures.

Back 31

Stationary, Moveable

Front 32

Flexors

Back 32

Decrease the angle between joints

Front 33

Extensors

Back 33

Increase the angle between joints

Front 34

Abductors

Back 34

Move a body part away from the midline

Front 35

Adductors

Back 35

Move a body part closer to the midline

Front 36

Levators

Back 36

Produce upward movement

Front 37

Depressors

Back 37

Produce downward movement

Front 38

Pronators

Back 38

Rotate forearm and turn palm posteriorly

Front 39

Supinators

Back 39

Rotate forearm and turn palm anteriorly

Front 40

Sphincter

Back 40

Circular muscle that constricts a body opening

Front 41

Tensor

Back 41

Makes a body part more rigid

Front 42

Rotator

Back 42

Moves a bone around its own longitudinal axis

Front 43

Name the 4 muscles that comprise the rotator cuff tendon.

Back 43

Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor

Front 44

Name the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring.

Back 44

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Front 45

Name the 7 criteria used when naming muscles.

Back 45

Direction of fibers Shape
Location Origin and Insertion point
Size Actions of movement
Number of origins