Muscular System

Front 1

All of the muscles of the body considered as an ____ structural group.

Back 1

interrelated

Front 2

There are over ____ skeletal muscles in the body

Back 2

600

Front 3

The muscular system assist in body ____.

Back 3

Movements

Front 4

The muscular system assists in the movement of materials ____.

Back 4

internally (smooth muscles)

Front 5

The muscular system produces ____ and ____.

Back 5

heat and energy

Front 6

The muscular system assist in maintaining ____ and balance.

Back 6

posture

Front 7

The muscular system helps protect ___ organs

Back 7

internal

Front 8

___% of heat comes from muscles

Back 8

85%

Front 9

All major organs are located behind muscles except ____ ____.

Back 9

male reproductive

Front 10

What are the three classifications of muscles?

Back 10

Skeletal muscles, Visceral (smooth) muscles, and Cardiac muscles

Front 11

Skeletal muscles is ____ and ____ muscle.

Back 11

voluntary and striated

Front 12

Striated means that it is a long slender ____ cells.

Back 12

striped

Front 13

Skeletal muscle is attached to the skeleton and ____ the skeleton's moving parts.

Back 13

moves

Front 14

Skeletal muscle contracts ____ in response to stimuli

Back 14

quickly

Front 15

Skeleton muscles are voluntary but can have ____ response. (such as scaring someone)

Back 15

involuntary

Front 16

Visceral (smooth) muscle are ____. (independent of will)

Back 16

involuntary

Front 17

Visceral muscles are ____ (has spindle shaped cells)

Back 17

non-striated

Front 18

Smooth muscles is found in the viscera, esp the ____, stomach, ____ ____, and blood vessels.

Back 18

intestines, stomach, urinary ducts, and blood vessels

Front 19

Smooth muscles contracts ____ in response to stimuli.

Back 19

slowly

Front 20

Cardiac muscles are ____ (no control)

Back 20

involuntary

Front 21

Cardiac muscles are ____ striated.

Back 21

partially (smooth but striped)

Front 22

Cardiac muscle is found only in the ____

Back 22

heart

Front 23

Cardiac muscle contracts ____ ____ in response to stimuli.

Back 23

moderately fast

Front 24

What is the origin for major skeletal muscles?

Back 24

Where the muscles starts and the less movable end

Front 25

What is the insertion for major skeletal muscles?

Back 25

Where it ends and the more movable end.

Front 26

What is the body (or belly) of major skeletal muscles?

Back 26

main part of muscle

Front 27

Skeletal muscles are enclosed in the ____, which is continuous with the fibrous structures that attach muscles to bones and other structures.

Back 27

epimysium

Front 28

Skeletal muscles are ____ to the structures on which they pull during contraction.

Back 28

attached

Front 29

Skeletal muscles may be attached ____ to the periosteum of the bone or may be attached by ____ or aponeuroses.

Back 29

directly; tendons

Front 30

Skeletal muscles contracts in response to ____ impulses. (natural or artificial)

Back 30

electrical (natural=heart beat, artificial=electrical shock)

Front 31

Skeletal muscles that move a body part usually lie ____ to the part that it moves.

Back 31

proximal

Front 32

Skeletal muscles moves the body caused by muscles ____ on bones.

Back 32

pulling

Front 33

Body movements result form coordinated actions: one muscle ____ while the other ____.

Back 33

contracts; relaxes

Front 34

The energy to produce movement in muscles is released from ____ ____ through metabolism.

Back 34

simple sugars

Front 35

excitability (being pinched)

Back 35

irritability

Front 36

ability to transmit impulses

Back 36

conductivity

Front 37

ability to stretch and remain stretched

Back 37

extensibility

Front 38

ability to former length when no longer stretched

Back 38

elasticity

Front 39

ability to contract or shorten

Back 39

contractility

Front 40

slight tention on muscle even when at rest

Back 40

tone

Front 41

away from midline

Back 41

abductor

Front 42

towards the midline

Back 42

adductor

Front 43

lifting a part

Back 43

levator

Front 44

lowering a part (sit)

Back 44

depressor

Front 45

bending at a joint

Back 45

flexor

Front 46

straightening at a joint

Back 46

extensor

Front 47

medial rotation-rotating on an axis

Back 47

rotator

Front 48

circular motion without moving rest of the body

Back 48

circumduction

Front 49

move forward

Back 49

protractor

Front 50

move backward

Back 50

retractor

Front 51

turn upward

Back 51

supinator

Front 52

turn downward

Back 52

pronator

Front 53

constriction and closes a body part (urethra and anal sphincter)

Back 53

sphincter

Front 54

making a part more ridged (tense muscles)

Back 54

tensor

Front 55

generates majority of force to acomplish a movement

Back 55

prime-mover muscle

Front 56

muscle responsible for moving a part

Back 56

agonist

Front 57

directly opposes the prime mover muscle

Back 57

antagonist

Front 58

assist in movement (all other muscles around the one that working)

Back 58

synergist

Front 59

stabilizing a joint

Back 59

fixator

Front 60

facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, blinking, speaking

Back 60

head and face muscles

Front 61

rotate, side to side, front to back

Back 61

neck muscles

Front 62

allows you to stand erect, turn, and bend

Back 62

back muscles

Front 63

respiration, moves neck, arms, and trunk

Back 63

chest muscle

Front 64

supports internal organs and helps with respiration, and assist in eliminating waist

Back 64

abdominal muscles

Front 65

defecation and urination

Back 65

perineal muscles

Front 66

deltoid

Back 66

moves arm at shoulder

Front 67

pectoralis major

Back 67

draws arm across chest, flexes arm

Front 68

serratus anterior

Back 68

rotates scapula and raises shoulders

Front 69

intercostals

Back 69

elevates and depresses the ribs

Front 70

latissimus dorsi

Back 70

brings arms down forcefully as in swimming, rowing, and climbing

Front 71

diaphragm

Back 71

contracts and relaxes for inhalation and exhalation

Front 72

External and Internal oblique

Back 72

compresses abdomen and rotates it laterally

Front 73

transverse and rectus abdominis

Back 73

compresses abdomen and rotates it laterally

Front 74

levator ani

Back 74

forms pelvic cavity and supports those organs

Front 75

deep transverse perinei

Back 75

forms floor of pelvic cavity (stop urinating)

Front 76

Biceps brachii

Back 76

flexes arm and helps supinate hand and forearm

Front 77

triceps brachii

Back 77

extends forearm and has 3 heads

Front 78

brachialis

Back 78

flexes forearm and strongest flexer at elbow

Front 79

brachioradialis

Back 79

flexes forearm and helps supinates hand and forearm

Front 80

carpi muscles

Back 80

controls hand movements

Front 81

digitorum muscles

Back 81

controls finger movements

Front 82

pollicis muscles

Back 82

thumb movements

Front 83

Gluteus maximus, meduis, and minimus

Back 83

help maintain errect posture and help rotate thighs inward and outward

Front 84

sartorius

Back 84

rotates thigh laterally and crosses legs

Front 85

quadriceps femoris

Back 85

extends leg

Front 86

adductor (in legs)

Back 86

presses thighs together or rotates laterally

Front 87

hamstring

Back 87

flexes leg and extends the thigh

Front 88

gastrocnemius

Back 88

extends the foot

Front 89

tibialis anterior

Back 89

flexes foot

Front 90

peroneus longus

Back 90

everts the ankle (rolls the ankle)

Front 91

soleus (leg)

Back 91

inverts the ankle

Front 92

Flexor and Extensor digitorum

Back 92

flexes and extends the toes

Front 93

Tendon surgery is typically only done because of ____, which complicates the surgery.

Back 93

trauma

Front 94

Tendons ____ when partial/totally rupture, which complicates suturing.

Back 94

frayed

Front 95

Because tendons are slow to heal, the type of suturing and suturing materials is ____

Back 95

important

Front 96

Stainless steel, polyester, polypropylene, and ____ are types of suture material for suturing tendons

Back 96

nylon

Front 97

To suture a torn tendon the material has to be ___ with no elasticity

Back 97

strong

Front 98

Typically a ____ __ is the suturing technique of choice

Back 98

figure 8

Front 99

Surgeons try to ____ fibers when entering a cavity, they try not to ____ through muscle, but at times, it is necessary.

Back 99

separate; cut

Front 100

Blunt dissection is used to separate the fibers, either with their ____ or ____.

Back 100

fingers or retractors

Front 101

When the fibers of muscles have been separated, suturing is ____ necessary, because they will ____ approximate.

Back 101

not; naturally

Front 102

If suturing a muscles, ____ ____ and polypropylene are best.

Back 102

stainless steal

Front 103

tenosynovitis

Back 103

inflammation of a tendon

Front 104

atrophy

Back 104

muscle weakness due to lack of use

Front 105

cramps

Back 105

painful involuntary twitching in a muscle

Front 106

convulsions

Back 106

abnormal uncoordinated contractions of muscles

Front 107

fibrillation

Back 107

muscle flexing at unexpected or undesired times (not enough K)

Front 108

strain

Back 108

when muscle fibers have been over streched or torn

Front 109

myosistis

Back 109

inlammed muscle tissue

Front 110

fibromyositis

Back 110

inflammed tendon

Front 111

contusion

Back 111

bruise

Front 112

myalgia

Back 112

muscle pain

Front 113

muscular dystrophy

Back 113

disease that leads to skeletal muscle atrophy

Front 114

myasthenia gravis

Back 114

autoimmune disease that attacks muscle cells

Front 115

hernia

Back 115

weakening in muscle wall that allows abdominal contents to come through

Front 116

tetanus

Back 116

inability of muscles to relax due to presents of a toxin

Front 117

botulism

Back 117

infection by an organism that releases a toxin that prevents muscle contraction

Front 118

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 118

ligament that is cutting or putting pressure on medial nerve.