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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two proteins make up muscle tissue?
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actin and myosin
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What is muscle called that is under conscious control?
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voluntary
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What is muscle called that is not normally under conscious control?
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involuntary
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What characteristic of muscle tissue is obvious when observing this tissue under a microscope.
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banding called striations
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Which type of muscle tissue lacks striations?
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smooth muscle
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What are the three types of muscle tissue found in humans?
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cardiac, skeletal, and smooth
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Where is the only place in the body that you find cardiac muscle tissue?
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heart
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Describe cardiac muscle tissue?
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It is involuntary, highly striated, and is branched with gap junctions between cells.
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According to our current understanding of cardiac tissue, why is heart damage permanent?
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Current research suggests that you are born with all the cardiac muscle cells you will ever have.
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Why is aerobic exercise so good for the heart muscle?
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Aerobic exercise caused a greater volume of blood to be pumped per beat, resulting in increased heart efficiency.
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What is unique about the nuclei of skeletal muscle?
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Many cell walls are missing resulting in skeletal muscle having multiple nuclei.
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What is the medical term for increasing cells size due to exercise?
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hypertrophy (exercise increases cell size NOT cell number)
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What is the wasting of muscle tissue called?
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atrophy
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Which type of muscle tissue is not striated, involuntary, and has spindle-shaped cells?
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smooth
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Nervous tissue is composed of what kind of cells?
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neurons
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What connects skeletal muscle to bones?
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tendons
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How many muscles are in the human body?
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640 (An elephant trunk has some 40,000 muscles and tendons)
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What are the three muscle types?
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skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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What attaches muscles to bones?
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tendons
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What is the difference between muscle origin and insertion?
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Muscle origin refers to the stationary bone to which the muscle is attached. The insertion is the bone to which the muscle attaches, that when contracts, moves.
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Muscles usually work in pairs to permit smooth coordinated movement. What is this type of pairing called?
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antagonistic paring
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What are the thread-like filaments that bundle together to form a muscle fiber?
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myofibrils
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What is a sarcomere?
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A sarcomere is the basic functional unit of a muscle fiber.
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What is found at the boundaries of each sarcomere?
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"I" bands
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What is the covering of a sarcomere called?
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sarcolemma
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What are the two substances that control muscle contraction?
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myosin and actin
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What is the swelling of a tendon called?
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tendinitis
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What is the difference between a muscle strain and a muscle sprain?
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A muscle strain is caused by over-stretching of a muscle or tendon. A sprain occurs when there is actual Injury to ligaments.
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What is muscular dystrophy?
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A group of inherited disorders that cause degeneration of muscle. It is carried on the X-chromosome; therefore affects males.
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What are the two types of muscular dystrophy, and which is most common?
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The two forms are Duchenne and Becker. Duchenne is the more common form.
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What is myasthenia gravis?
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This is an autoimmune disorder resulting in chronic muscle weakness. Eye and facial muscles are most commonly affected.
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What is the cause of myasthenia gravis?
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Antibodies attack and gradually destroy receptors in muscle fibers that receive nerve signals.
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What is the physical cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?
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This condition occurs when there is a compression of the nerve in the wrist resulting in tingling & pain in the hand, wrist, forearm, and often causes a weakening of grip.
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What is the carpal tunnel?
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It is the narrow passageway formed by the carpal ligament on the inside of the wrist and the carpal bones.
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