Muscular & Skeletal Pathologies

Front 1

What is a muscle strain?

What's it commonly known as?

Back 1

Over-stretching or tearing of the muscle fibrils or tendon

(PULLED MUSCLE)

Front 2

What causes a muscle strain?

Back 2

Joint forced past its normal range.

Front 3

Difference between STRAIN and Tear?

Back 3

Muscle is still whole.

Front 4

Most common muscle strains?

Back 4

Hamstring and back

Front 5

How does a muscle strain repair itself? (2)

Back 5

Blood supply to muscle still sufficient to provide good healing.

Activated satellite cells divide slowly and fuse with fibres to assist repair.

Front 6

What a risk in a muscle tear?

Back 6

Local separation of tissue meaning a defective blood supply.

Front 7

Whats a complication of a MUSCLE TEAR?

Back 7

Muscular Fibrosis - damaged tissue is replaced by fibrous connective scar tissue

Front 8

What is FIBROMYALGIA? (3)

Back 8

Chronic, widespread muscle and connective tissue pain, joint stiffness and fatigue.

Front 9

What other symptoms may someone with FIBROMYALGIA have?

Back 9

Unexplained anxiety or depression.

Front 10

Whats the criteria for diagnosing FIBROMYALGIA and why?

Back 10

- Pain on palpitation must be present in at least 11 of the 18 points.

-Medically unexplained and lacks scientific consensus so controversial to diagnose.

Front 11

Causes of fibromylagia? (4)

Back 11

Stress, trauma, damp, poor sleep.

Front 12

Symptoms of FIBROMYALGIA (6)

Back 12

Pain at specific tender spots.

Stiffness of muscles, tendons and ligaments.

Debilitating fatigue & sleep disturbance.

Difficulty swallowing

Numbness

Cognitive disfunction

Front 13

Most likely to suffer from FIBROMYALGIA

Back 13

Men:women 1:15

Aged 25-50 years

Front 14

How might FIBROMYALGIA be linked to the nervous system

Back 14

Caused by abnormalities in pain processing by the Central Nervous System

Front 15

What is MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY?

Back 15

Group of inherited muscular diseases that weaken and degenerate the muscles.

Front 16

How is MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY generally characterised?

Back 16

- Defects in muscle protein.

-Progressive skeletal muscle atrophy

-Death of muscle cells

Front 17

Cause of DUCHENNE MD?

Back 17

Inherited X recessive

Front 18

Sex most effected with DUCHENNE MD? Age?

Back 18

<10 years

Males (women carries)

Front 19

4 key symproms of DUCHENNE MD?

Back 19

1. Delayed walking

2. Waddling gait

3. Clumsiness

4. Proximal limb weakness

Front 20

What is the DISEASE process of DUCHENNE MD?

Caused by absence of what?

Back 20

Gradual atrophy of skeletal, heart and respiratory muscles.

Dystrophin (a protein that helps keep muscles intact)

Front 21

Which muscles are most affected by DUCHENNE MD?

Back 21

External mobiliser muscles.

Front 22

Prognosis for DUCHENNE MD?

Back 22

No cure most die under <20 due to respiratory weakness.

Front 23

Cause of MYOTONIC CONGENITAL MD?

Back 23

Inherited dominant gene

(just one gene to get it)

Front 24

Disease process for MYOTONIC CONGENITAL MD?

Back 24

Prolonged contraction of muscles leading to atrophy.

Front 25

Muscles most affected by MYOTONIC CONGENITAL MD?

Back 25

Lower legs, hands, neck and face

Front 26

Age of onset for MYOTONIC CONGENITAL MD?

Back 26

Young adulthood

But may occur at any age

Front 27

Most effected by MYOTONIC CONGENITAL MD?

Back 27

Males and females.

Symptoms more severe with successive generations.

Front 28

5 symptoms of MYOTONIC CONGENITAL MD

Back 28

1. Wasting in lower legs, hands, neck and face

2. Mask like expressionless face

3. Premature balding

4. Cataracts

5. Heart arrhythmias

Front 29

Cause of FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MD?

Back 29

Inherited - dominant gene

Front 30

Disease process for FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MD

Back 30

Progressive weakening and loss of skeletal muscles

Front 31

Muscles most affected by FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MD

Back 31

Face, shoulder, girdle and upper arms

Abdominal and foot extensor muscles

Front 32

Age of onset for FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MD and gender

Back 32

Male and female

Aged 20

Front 33

Symptoms of FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MD (5)

Back 33

1. Difficulty reaching above shoulder level

2. Foot dropping

3. Scapular winging

4. Facial weakness

5. Lumbar lordosis

Front 34

Symptoms of MYASTHENIA GRAVIS? (4)

Back 34

Difficulty swallowing

Weakness of eye muscles

Difficulty chewing or talking

Death from respiratory muscle failure

Front 35

Who is most commonly affected by MYASTHENIA GRAVIS what age?

Back 35

Women

20-50

Front 36

Muscles most commonly affected by MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Back 36

Face and neck

Front 37

Cause of MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Back 37

AUTOIMMUNE

Antibodies directed at acetylcholine receptors on the motor end plate preventing impulse being sent to fibres.

Front 38

Sign of MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Back 38

Fluctuating muscle fatigue and weakness