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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscles are made up of individual ......
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Fasiculi
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What is the name of the membrane that the fasiculi is bounded by?
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Epimysium
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What is the surrounding membrane of the fasiculi called?
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Perimysium
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What are the fasiculi made up of?
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Muscle Fibers
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What are muscle fibers?
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Individual muscle cells
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The muscle fibers are covered by a sheath of connective tissue called ......
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Endomysium
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What are muscles fibers composed of?
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Myofibrils
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What is the basic functional unit of the muscle and is also located in the myofibril?
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Sacromere
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Surrounds individual muscle fibers. Includes basement membrane.
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Sacrolemma
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Gelatinous fluid that surrounds that fills spaces between myofibrils. House proteins, minerals, fats, and oranelles.
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Sacroplasma
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Extensions of the plasmalemma that pass laterally through the muscle fiber. Conduct impulses to individual muscle fibers.
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Transverse tubules (T-Tubules)
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Membranous channels surrounding myofibrils. Storage site for calcium.
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Sacroplasmic Reticulum
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Contractile Element. Microfilaments arranged in sacromeres.
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Myofibril
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Microfilament arrangement gives muscles striated appearance. Actin and Myosin arranged end to end at Z-line.
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Sacromere
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A thin filament that is composed of troponin, tropomyosin and nebulin.
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Actin
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A thick filament of two protein strands twisted together. has titin.
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Mysosin
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Where is ATPase stored?
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Myosin head.
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I-band
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Actin Only
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A-band
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Actin and Myosin
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H-zone
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Myosin only
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M-line
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Midline of the sacromere.
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What are the components that help a muscle fiber contract?
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Myosin-Actin interaction in the sacromere.
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What is a motor unit?
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The alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
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The ....... begins as a nerve impulse which travels down the axon of a motor neuron. Once it reaches the neuromuscular junction, the signal is converted to a chemical messenger in the form of the neurotransmitter ACh.
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Action Potential
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Explain the sliding filament theory.
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Ca++ binds to triponin which causes the tripomyosin to move away from the actin binding site. This allows the Mysoin head to bind to the actin site and pivotes toward the M-line (power stroke). ATP binds to the Myson head to release and reposition the myosin. ATPase releases energy from myosin which "recocks_ myosin.
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What are the three ways to cease contractile events in the muscle?
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1. Ca++ is pumped back into the SR
2. ATP unavailable 3. Maximal shortening-no more binding sites available on actin filament. |
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Explain what happens to the bands of a sarcomere during the Sliding Filament Theory. (I-band, A-band, H-band)
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I-band-shortens
A-band-stays the same H-band-shortens |
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What type of muscle fiber is known for its function of being high aerobic endurance and low strength?
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Type I
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What type of activities is Type I muscle fibers used for?
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High endurance activities
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how many muscle fibers does one motor unit innervate in Type I muscle fibers?
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<300
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Type I muscle fiber is also known as....
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slow twitch or slow oxidative
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Long distance runners have a high percentage of....
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Type I fibers
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This type of muscle fiber is uses during anaerobic endurance and generate power much faster but fatigue quicker.
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Type II
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This type of muscle fiber is used for high intensity activities.
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Type II
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In Type II fibers ..... is more highly developed and delivers Ca++ more efficiently.
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SR
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How many muscle fibers does one motor unit innervates in type II muscle fibers?
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>300
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Type II fiber is also known as...
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fast twitch, fast oxidated/glycolytic (IIa)
fast glycolytic (IIx) |
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What specific muscle fiber type has the lowest oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance?
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Type IIx
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Sprinter have a high percentage of ....
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Type II fibers
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