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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many bones are in the skeletal system? |
206 |
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What is the skeletal system made up of? |
Bones joints ligaments cartilage |
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What are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system? |
Protection shape and support movement blood cell production mineral storage |
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What skeleton protects our organs |
Axial skeleton |
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What are some minerals stored in your bones? |
calcium phosphorus magnesium |
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What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? |
Axial Appendicular |
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What structures are in the axial structures: |
cranium sternum rib cage vertebrae |
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What are the parts of the vertebrae |
cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx |
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What bones make up the upper body? |
clavicle scapula humerus radius/ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges |
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What bones make up the lower body? |
pelvis femur patella tibia/fibula tarsals metatarsals phalanges |
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What are the four types of bones? |
long short flat irregular |
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What are the three main types of joints |
fibrous cartilaginous synovial |
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What is fibrous joints |
Held together by only a ligament and is immovable eg. radioulnar and tibiofibular |
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What are cartilaginous joints? |
Allow more movement than fibrous but less than synovial. Connected by cartilage eg. vertebrae and the ribs |
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What are synovial joints? |
Highly moveable and have a synovial capsule. |
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What are the different types of synovial joints? |
pivot: neck hinge: elbow/knee ball and socket: Shoulder/hip saddle: thumb condyloid: wrist gliding: intercarpal joints |
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What are the 3 functions of muscles |
movement posture production of body heat |
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What are voluntary muscles |
we control to create movement: hand |
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What are involuntary muscles? |
work without our conscious control eg. heart |
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What does posture refer to? |
The position of body and limbs |
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What do our muscles do to help us warm-up? |
Shiver |
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What are the 3 types of muscles |
skeletal smooth cardiac |
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What are skeletal muscles |
Allow us to move and are under our conscious control eg. Quadriceps |
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Where are smooth muscles found? |
Found in blood vessels and are involuntary. eg. intestine and stomach |
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What is the function of smooth muscles |
Move food to the digestive system |
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What is cardiac muscle |
Make up the walls of the heart ad they are involuntary |
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What two movements can muscles do? |
contract and relaxation |
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What causes a muscle to contract? |
Nerve impulse from the brain to muscle, then contracts |
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What happens when a muscle contracts |
It brings 2 bones towards each other |
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What is the origin point of muscle? |
joins the non-moving bone |
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What is the insertion point of a muscle |
attached to the moving bone |
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What is the term agonist |
The muscle that directly causes a movement |
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What is the term antagonist |
The opposite of agonist |
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Agonist muscle example |
during elbow flexion: biceps during elow extension triceps |
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Antagonist muscle example |
during elbow flexion:: triceps during elbow extension biceps |
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What are slow-twitch fibres |
contract slowly and perform over long periods |
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What are fast-twitch fibres |
large forces but tire more rapidly |
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Slow-twitch fibre characteristics |
colour: red contraction speed: slower over a long period activity types: endurance force: less force but contract repeatedly |
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Fast-twitch fibre characteristics |
colour: white contraction speed: faster over a short period Activity types: high-intensity force: more force in bursts of power and speed |
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What are the 3 types of muscular contractions |
isointernall isometric isokinetic |
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Isoinertial contractions |
The most common. Occurs when muscle length changes while producing force. eg. picking up a shot put |
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Concentric contractions |
Occurs when muscle shortens during effort. eg. biceps in upward phase of a bicep curl |
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eccentric contractions |
muscle lengthens in effort. eg. biceps in downwards phase of a bicep curl |
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isometric contractions |
muscles contract but don't make movement. tension doesn't change length. |
