Muscles&bones - Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, Hand, Spine And Thorax

Front 1

Name the 5 Regions of the Vertebral Column

Back 1

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx

Front 2

How many vertebrae per area?

Back 2

Cervical = 7
Thoracic = 12
Lumbar = 5
Sacrum = 1(5 fused)
Coccyx = 1(4 fused)

Front 3

Which region of the vertebral column is the most mobile?

Back 3

Cervical

Front 4

What is another name for C1

Back 4

Atlas

Front 5

What is a another name for C2?

Back 5

Axis

Front 7

Which one of the cervical vertebrae is most protruding?

Back 7

C7

Front 8

What are the 4 areas of the vertebrae column?

Back 8

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral

Front 9

What are the two types of curvature of the spine and what types of curves are they?

Back 9

Lordosis is an anterior curve and Kyphosis is a posterior curve

Front 10

What type of curve corresponds with what area of the vertebrae?

Back 10

Cervical = Lordosis
Thoracic - Kyphosis
Lumbar - Lordosis
Sacral = Kyphosis

Front 11

Explain primary and secondary curve of the vertebral column.

Back 11

Babies are born with one single kyphosis curve. When they start to lift their heads, the first cervical lordosis curve is added and when they start to walk the lumbar lordosis curve is added.

Front 12

What two things are unique about C1?

Back 12

Has no body
Has no spinous process

Front 13

What 1 thing is unique about C2?

Back 13

Has odontoid process

Front 14

What is another word for 'vertebral foramen' and what is its purpose?

Back 14

The spinal canal. It holds the spinal cord.

Front 15

What 2 structures encloses the vertebrae foramen?

Back 15

The neural arch and the pedicles

Front 16

What shape is the 'lamina' and in which direction does it extend?

Back 16

Broad flat plates. Posterior and medially.

Front 17

What arises from the union of the lamina and is attachment for many muscles and prevents hyper-extension?

Back 17

The spinous process

Front 18

In what direction does the transverse process project? What portion of the vertabrae is it posterior to?

Back 18

It projects laterally and is located posterior to the pedicle.

Front 19

What is 'transverse foramen' and at which section of the vertebrae?

Back 19

Small hole allowing vertebrae artery. Cervical section C6 -C1.

Front 20

How many facets/articular processes are there in a vertebrae and where are they located?

Back 20

2 superior and 2 inferior.

Front 21

What is the intervertebral foramen?

Back 21

Space between vertebrae

Front 22

What are the parts of the sternum?

Back 22

The manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process.

Front 23

With what 2 areas does the manubrium articulate?

Back 23

Articulates with clavicles and and 1st rib.

Front 24

With what ribs does the sternum body articulate?

Back 24

Articulates with 2nd to 7th rib.

Front 25

Where is the xiphoid?

Back 25

Inferior portion of the sternum

Front 26

What does 'true rib' mean?

Back 26

Articulates directly with the sternum

Front 27

What ribs are true ribs?

Back 27

1 -7

Front 28

What is a false rib and which ones are they?

Back 28

Connects indirectly with the sternum through costal cartilage. Ribs 8-10

Front 29

What is a rib called that does not connect to the sternum at all? Which are they?

Back 29

Floating rib. Ribs 11-12

Front 30

What are the spaces between the ribs called?

Back 30

Intercostal spaces.

Front 31

What are the bones in the atlanto-occipital joint?

Back 31

Atlas and the occiput

Front 32

What type of joints are the atlanto-occiput?

Back 32

A pair of ellipsoid joints

Front 33

What is the movement of the atlanto-occiput?

Back 33

Flexion and Extension

Front 34

What are the bones in the atlanto-axial joint?

Back 34

Odontoid process of C2(axis) and anterior arch of C1(atlas)

Front 35

What type of joint is the atlano-axial?

Back 35

Pivot joint

Front 36

What movement does the atlanto-axial joint support?

Back 36

Rotation

Front 37

What 3 bones/bodies comprise the Intervertebral Joint?

Back 37

Adjacent vertebrae, intervertebral discs between bodies and superior and inferior facets.

Front 38

What type of joint is the intervertebral joint?

Back 38

Gliding joint

Front 39

What 4 types of movement does the intervertebral joint support?

Back 39

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

Front 40

What bones are involved with the Costovertebral Joint

Back 40

Ribs and vertebrae

Front 41

What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

Back 41

Gliding joint

Front 42

What types of movement does the costovertebral joint support?

Back 42

Elevation and depression of the rib cage (or expansion and collapse)

Front 43

What bones are used on the sternocostal joint?

Back 43

The sternum and the ribs

Front 44

What type of joint is the sternocostal joint?

Back 44

Cartilageous joint

Front 45

What type of movement does the sternocostal joint support?

Back 45

Breathing

Front 46

What non-verbal communication does the atlanto-occipital joint support?

Back 46

Head nodding 'yes;.

Front 47

What non-verbal communication does the atlantoaxial joint support?

Back 47

Head shaking 'no'.

Front 48

What are the 4 attachments for Rectus Adominis?

Back 48

Pubic crest, pubic symphysis, cartlilage of 5th, 6th and 7th ribs and xiphoid process.

Front 49

What action does the Rectus Abdominis support?

Back 49

Flexion of the vertebral column - bending forward at the waist

Front 50

What are the 3 attachments for the External Obliques?

Back 50

Medial anterior surfaces of the 8 lower ribs, anterior iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba.

Front 51

What actions/ body movements does the external obliques support unilaterally and bilaterally?

Back 51

Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column on same side, rotate vertebral column to opposite side.

Bi-laterally: Flex vertebral column, compress abdominal content

Front 52

What movements do the internal obliques support unilaterally and bilaterally?

Back 52

Unilaterally: Laterally flex to the same side and rotate to the same side

Bi-laterally: Flex vertebral column, compress abdominal content

Front 53

What 5 attachments do the internal obliques have?

Back 53

Lateral inguinal ligaments, iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, internal surface of lower 3 ribs, the abdominal aponeurosis.

Front 54

What direction does the external oblques go?

Back 54

Diagonally

Front 55

What direction does the internal obliques go?

Back 55

Up and down

Front 56

What direction does the Transverse Abdominis go?

Back 56

Horizontally

Front 57

What 5 attachments do the transverse abdominis have?

Back 57

Lateral inguinal ligaments, iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, internal surface of lower 6 ribs and abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba.

Front 58

What body movements do the transverse abdominis support?

Back 58

Compress abdominal content and stabilize lumbar portion of spine

Front 59

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

Back 59

Anterior surface of upper 8-9 ribs, anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula.

Front 60

What movements does the serratus anterior support?

Back 60

With ribs fixed:
- Protract shoulder
- Depress scapula
- Hold medial border of scapula in place
With scapula fixed:
- elevate ribs to assist in forced inhalation

Front 61

What are the 4 attachments of pectoralis major?

Back 61

Medial border of the clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1st -6th ribs and
crest of the greater tubicle of the humerus

Front 62

What is special about the fiber direction of the pectorialis major?

Back 62

They are crisscrossed at the humerus.

Front 63

What are the 3 body movements supported by the pectorialis major for all fibers?

Back 63

- AD-duct at the shoulder
- Medially rotate the shoulder
- Assist in elevating the ribs in forced inhalation

Front 64

What 2 actions does the upper fibers of pectorialis major support?

Back 64

- Flexing of shoulder
- Horizontally AD-duct houlder

Front 65

What attachments does pectorialis minor have?

Back 65

Anterior surface of 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs, coracoid process of scapula.

Front 66

Describe the 3 major actions of the pectorialis minor?

Back 66

- Depress scapula
- AB-duct scapula
- Tilt scapula anteriorly

Front 67

What is one things that's special about the biceps brachii?

Back 67

It crosses 2 joints.

Front 68

Wjat are the attachments of the biceps brachii?

Back 68

Short head: coracoid process of the scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Tuberocity of the radius and bicipital aponeurosis

Front 69

What are the actions supported by the biceps brachii?

Back 69

- Flexing the elbow
- Supinate the forearm
- Flex shoulder

Front 70

What is also special about the triceps brachii, just like the biceps brachii?

Back 70

It crosses 2 joints.

Front 71

What are the three heads of the triceps brachii called?

Back 71

Long head, medial head and lateral head.

Front 72

Where does the long head of the triceps brachii attach?

Back 72

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Front 73

Where does the lateral head of the triceps bachii attach?

Back 73

Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of humerus

Front 74

Where does the medial head of the triceps brachii attach?

Back 74

Posterior surface of the distal 1/2 of the humerus

Front 75

Where do all three heads of the triceps attach?

Back 75

Olecranon process of the ulna.

Front 76

What is the 1 action of the triceps brachii? What specific 2 actions does the long head support?

Back 76

- Extend the elbow
Long head:
- Extend shoulder
- AD-duct shoulder

Front 77

What are the 6 bone landmarks of the ulna?

Back 77

Olecranon process, Trochlear notch, coracoid process, styloid process, ulnar tuberocity and head.

Front 78

What other bone landmark is the head of the ulna just proximal to?

Back 78

The ulna styloid process.

Front 79

Where is the head of the radius - Proximal or distal end?

Back 79

Proximal end of radius

Front 80

Name the three bony landmarks of the radius?

Back 80

Head, styloid process and radial tuberocity.

Front 81

Which sides are the ulna and the radius: the pinky or the thumb side respectively?

Back 81

The radius is on the thumb side
The ulna is on the pinky side

Front 82

Name the carpals in order and by row.

Back 82

Row 1: Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Row 2: trapezium,trapezoid, capitate and hamate.

Front 83

How many metacarpals are there?
What number is the thumb?
Where is the head?

Back 83

5
1
At distal end

Front 84

Name the three parts of the metacarpals.

Back 84

Head, Shaft and base

Front 85

How many phalanges are there?

Back 85

14

Front 86

How many phalanges does the thumb have? What are they?

How many phalanges do each of the 2-5 fingers have? What are they called?

Back 86

2 - Proximate and distal
3 - Proximate, middle, distal

Front 87

What are the three parts of a phalange?

Back 87

Head, shaft and base

Front 88

Where is the head of the phalange, at proximate or distal end?

Back 88

Distal end.

Front 89

The humeroulnar joint is comprised of what bones?

Back 89

The trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

Front 90

The humeroulnar joint is a .... joint

Back 90

Hinge - synovial joint

Front 91

What movements does the humeroulnar joint support?

Back 91

- Flex elbow
- Extend elbow

Front 92

The proximal radioulnar joint is a ....joint

Back 92

Pivot

Front 93

What are the bones of the radioulnar joint?

Back 93

The head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

Front 94

What movements can the proximal radioulnar joint perform?

Back 94

Supination and pronation

Front 95

The distal radioulnar joint is a ... joint.

Back 95

Pivot

Front 96

What movements does the distal radioulnar joint support?

Back 96

Supination and pronation.

Front 97

What bones are part of the radio ulnar joint?

Back 97

Distal end of radius and head of ulna.

Front 98

The radiocarpal joint is a ... joint.

Back 98

Ellipsoid joint.

Front 99

What three bones are part of the radiocarpal joint?

Back 99

Radius, scaphoid and lunate.

Front 100

Metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) are ... joints

Back 100

Ellipsoid joints

Front 101

What bones make up the metacarpophalangeal?

Back 101

Metacarpals, proximal phalange

Front 102

What does PIP and DIP stand for?

Back 102

Proximal and Distal Interphalangeals

Front 103

What type of joint are the Proximal and Distal Interphalangeals?

Back 103

Hinge

Front 104

What bones are involved in the Proximal and Distal Interphalangeals (DIP and PIP)?

Back 104

Proximal and middle phalange and middle and distal phalange

Front 105

first carpometacarpal "thumb" is a ... joint.

Back 105

Modified saddle.

Front 106

What are the bones in the fist carometacarpal?

Back 106

First metacarpal and trapezium.

Front 107

Where do the extensors of the wrist and hand attach generally?

Back 107

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Front 108

What movement does the extensors support?

Back 108

Extend wrist and hand

Front 109

What side of the arm are the extensors, hairy or hairless?

Back 109

Hairy

Front 110

Where do the flexors of the wrist and hand attach generally?

Back 110

Medial epicondyle

Front 111

On what side of the forearm are the flexors, hairy or hairless?

Back 111

Hairless

Front 112

What movement do the flexors support?

Back 112

Flexing of the wrist and hand