Muscles_Test1

Front 1

Trapezius (medial and lateral attachments and action)

Back 1

Medial Attachment:
- Descending - nuchal line and occipital protuberance
- Middle - spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
- Ascending - spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

Lateral Attachment:
- Descending - clavicle and acromion of scapula
- Middle - spine of scapula
- Ascending - spine of scapula

Action:
- Descending - elevates scapula
- Middle - retracts scapula
- Ascending - depresses scapula
- Descending and Ascending together - rotate scapula superiorly

Hint 1

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 2

Trapezius (innervation)

Back 2

- Spinal accessory nerve (motor [C1 to c5])
- Ventral (anterior) rami of C3 and C4 (pain and propioreception)

Hint 2

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 3

Latissimus dorsi (inferior and lateral attachments and action)

Back 3

Inferior Attachment:
- Spinous process of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
- Illiac crest
- Lower ribs

Medial Attachment:
- Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus

Action:
-Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
- Raises body when climbing

Hint 3

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 4

Latissimus dorsi (innervation)

Back 4

- Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)

Hint 4

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 5

Rhomboid major and minor muscles (medial and lateral attachments and action)

Back 5

Medial Attachment:
- Minor: Spinour processes of C7 and T1
- Major: Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

Lateral Attachment:
- Both: Medial border of scapula

Action:
- Both: Retract scapula and rotate scapula inferiorly

Hint 5

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 6

Rhomboid major and minor muscles (innervation)

Back 6

- Both: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)

Hint 6

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 7

Levator scapulae (attachments and action)

Back 7

Attachment:
- Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Attachment:
- Medial border of scapula

Action:
- Elevates scapula
- Rotates scapula inferiorly

Hint 7

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 8

Levator scapulae (innervation)

Back 8

- Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
- Ventral (anterior) rami of C3 and C4

Hint 8

Superficial Back Muscles

Front 9

Serratus posterior superior (medial and lateral attachments and action)

Back 9

Medial Attachment:
- Nuchal ligament
- Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

Lateral Attachment:
- Upper ribs

Action:
- Elevates ribs

Hint 9

Deep Back Muscles

Front 10

Serratus posterior superior (innervation)

Back 10

- Upper intercostal nerves (T2 to T5)

Hint 10

Deep Back Muscles

Front 11

Serratus posterior inferior (medial and lateral attachments and action)

Back 11

Medial Attachment:
- Spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Lateral Attachment:
- Lower ribs

Action:
- Depresses ribs

Hint 11

Deep Back Muscles

Front 12

Serratus posterior inferior (innervation)

Back 12

- Lower intercostal nerves (T9 to T11) and subcostal nerve (T12)

Hint 12

Deep Back Muscles

Front 13

Splenius (2) (attachments and action)

Back 13

Attachment:
- Splenius capitis: Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
- Splenius cervicis: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Attachment:
- Splenius capitis: Mastoid process; superior nuchal line
- Splenius cervicis: Transverse process of cervical vertebrae

Action:
- Unilaterally: laterally bends neck and rotates head / neck
- Bilaterally: extend head / neck

Hint 13

Deep Back Muscles

Front 14

Splenius (innervation)

Back 14

- Posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (C1 to C8)

Hint 14

Deep Back Muscles

Front 15

Spinalis (attachments and action)

Back 15

Attachment:
- Spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Attachment:
- Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Action:
- Unilaterally: Laterally bends vertebral column
- Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column

Hint 15

Deep Back Muscles

Front 16

Spinalis (innervation)

Back 16

- Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (C1 to L5)

Hint 16

Deep Back Muscles

Front 17

Longissimus (attachments and action)

Back 17

Attachment:
- Illiac crest
- Posterior surface of sacrum
- Spinous process of lumbar vertebrae

Attachment:
- Ribs between tubercle and angle
- Transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
- Mastoid process

Action:
- Unilaterally: Laterally bends vertebral column
- Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column

Hint 17

Deep Back Muscles

Front 18

Longissimus (innervation)

Back 18

- Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (C1 to L5)

Hint 18

Deep Back Muscles

Front 19

Iliocostalis (attachments and action)

Back 19

Attachment:
- Illiac crest
- Posterior surface of sacrum

Attachment:
- Angles of ribs
- Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Action:
- Unilaterally: Laterally bends vertebral column
- Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column

Hint 19

Deep Back Muscles

Front 20

Iliocostalis (innervation)

Back 20

- Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (C1 to L5)

Hint 20

Deep Back Muscles

Front 21

Semispinalis (attachments and action)

Back 21

Attachment:
- Transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Attachment:
- Semispinalis capitis: Occipital bone
- Semispinalsis cervicis: Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
- Semispinalis thoracis: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Action:
- Unilaterally: Rotates head and vertebral column
- Bilaterally: Extend head and vertebral column

Hint 21

Deep Back Muscles

Front 22

Semispinalis (innervation)

Back 22

- Posterior rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves (C1 to T12)

Hint 22

Deep Back Muscles

Front 23

Multifidus (attachments and action)

Back 23

Attachment:
- Posterior sacrum
- Posterior superior iliac spine
- Mammillary processes of thoracic vertebrae
- Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
- Articular processes of cervical vertebrae

Attachment:
- Spinous processes of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Action:
- Stabilize vertebrae
- Extend and rotate vertebral column

Hint 23

Deep Back Muscles

Front 24

Multifidus (innervation)

Back 24

- Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1 to L5)

Hint 24

Deep Back Muscles

Front 25

Rotatores (attachments and action)

Back 25

Attachment:
- Transverse processes of all vertebrae

Attachment:
- Lamina of all vertebrae

Action:
- Stabilize vertebrae
- Extend and rotate vertebral column
- Proprioception

Hint 25

Deep Back Muscles

Front 26

Rotatores (innervation)

Back 26

- Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1 to L5)

Hint 26

Deep Back Muscles

Front 27

Interspinales (attachments and action)

Back 27

Attachment:
- Superior surface of spinous processes of all vertebrae

Attachment:
- Inferior surface of spinous processes of all vertebrae

Action:
- Stabilize
- Extend vertebral column

Hint 27

Deep Back Muscles

Front 28

Interspinales (innervation)

Back 28

- Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1 to L5)

Hint 28

Deep Back Muscles

Front 29

Intertransversarii (attachments and action)

Back 29

Attachment:
- Superior surface of transverse processes of all vertebrae

Attachment:
- Inferior surface of transverse processes of all vertebrae

Action:
- Stabilize vertebrae
- Lateral flexion of vertebral column

Hint 29

Deep Back Muscles

Front 30

Intertransversarii (innervation)

Back 30

- Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1 to L5)

Hint 30

Deep Back Muscles

Front 31

Levatores costarum (attachments and action)

Back 31

Attachment:
- Transverse processes of C7 and thoracic vertebrae

Attachment:
- Ribs between tubercle and angle

Action:
- Elevate ribs
- Lateral flexion of vertebral column

Hint 31

Deep Back Muscles

Front 32

Levatores costarum (innervation)

Back 32

- Posterior rami of C8 to T11 spinal nerves

Hint 32

Deep Back Muscles

Front 33

Obliquus capitis superior (attachments and action)

Back 33

Attachment:
- Transverse process of atlas

Attachment:
- Occipital bone btw superior and inferior nuchal lines

Action:
- Extends head

Hint 33

Deep Back Muscles

Front 34

Obliquus capitis superior (innervation)

Back 34

- Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

Hint 34

Deep Back Muscles

Front 35

Obliquus capitis inferior (attachments and action)

Back 35

Attachment:
- Spinous process of axis

Attachment:
- Transverse process of atlas

Action:
- Rotates head

Hint 35

Deep Back Muscles

Front 36

Obliquus capitis inferior (innervation)

Back 36

- Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

Hint 36

Deep Back Muscles

Front 37

Rectus capitis posterior major (attachments and action)

Back 37

Attachment:
- Spinous process of axis

Attachment:
- Inferior nuchal line

Action:
- Extends head

Hint 37

Deep Back Muscles

Front 38

Rectus capitis posterior major (innervation)

Back 38

- Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

Hint 38

Deep Back Muscles

Front 39

Rectus capitis posterior minor (attachments and action)

Back 39

Attachment:
- Posterior tubercle of atlas

Attachment:
- Inferior nuchal line

Action:
- Extends head

Hint 39

Deep Back Muscles

Front 40

Rectus capitis posterior minor (innervation)

Back 40

- Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

Hint 40

Deep Back Muscles