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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pectoantebrachialis
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Origin: Manubrium of sternum
Insertion: Antebrachium Action: Draws forelimb towards midline |
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Pectoralis major - Superficial and Deep portions
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Origin (superficial): Midventral raphe & cranial half of manubrium
Insertion (superficial): Humerus Origin (deep): Cranial half of the sternum and midventral raphe Insertion (deep): Humerus Shared Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline, turns the manus forward |
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Pectoralis minor
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Origin: From the six sternebrae & sometimes the xiphoid process
Insertion: Humerus Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline |
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Xiphihumeralis
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Origin: Median raphe in the vicinity of the xiphoid process
Insertion: Humerus Action: Synergistic with pectoralis minor in drawing the forelimb toward the midline |
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External oblique
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Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia & the last 9-10 ribs
Insertion: Median raphe of distal portion of sternum, linea alba from sternum to pubis Action: Compresses the abdominal region |
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Internal oblique
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Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia
Insertion: Linea alba by a thin aponeurosis Action: Compresses the abdominal region |
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Transversus abdominus
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Origin: Aponeurosis from the vertebrochondrial and vertebral ribs, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and ventral border of the ilium
Insertion: Linea alba (in common with the obliques) Action: Compresses the abdominal region |
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Rectus abdominus
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Origin: Tubercle of pubis
Insertion: 1st and 2nd costal cartilage, proximal end of sternum by a tendon passing dorsal to the transversus costarum |
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Clavobrachialis
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Origin: Clavicle and raphe b/w clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis
Insertion: With brachialis through tendon on the medial surface of the ulna distal to the semilunar notch Action: Flexes the forelimb |
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Clavotrapezius
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Origin: Lambdoidal ridge, middorsal raphe over the spine of the axis
Insertion: Clavicle and raphe b/w clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis Action: Protraction of the humerus |
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Acromiotrapezius
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Origin: Middorsal line from the spine of the axis to the spinuous process of the 4th thoracic vertebra
Insertion: Metacromion process and spine of the scapula Action: Adduct and stabilize the position of the scapula |
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Latissimus dorsi
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Origin: Neural spines of the 4th or 5th thoracic to the 6th lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Medial surface of the shaft of the humerus Action: Pulls forelimb dorsocaudally |
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Serratus ventralis
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Origin: From the surface of the first 9-10 ribs and the transverse processes of the last 5 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Vertebral border of the scapula Action: Draws the scapula toward the thoracic wall and helps to support the scapula |
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Scalenus anterior
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Origin: 2nd & 3rd ribs
Insertion: Transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae Action: Bends the neck & pulls the ribs cranially |
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Scalenus posterior
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Origin: 3rd or 4th ribs
Insertion: Transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae Action: Bends the neck & pulls the ribs cranially |
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Scalenus medius
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Origin: 6th-9th ribs
Insertion: Transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae Action: Bends the neck & pulls the ribs cranially |
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Longissimus dorsi (medial bundle)
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Origin: From neural spines of vertebrae in the vertebral column
Insertion: Onto various processes of more anterior vertebrae Action: Extends the vertebral column |
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Longissimus dorsi (lateral bundle)
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Origin: From the ilium and neural spines of the vertebrae in the vertebral column
Insertion: Onto various processes of more anterior vertebrae Action: Extends the vertebral column |
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Multifidus spinae
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Origin: Primarily transverse processes of vertebrae
Insertion: Neural spines of more anterior vertebrae Action: When both sides contract simultaneously, extends the vertebral column; when contracted unilaterally, bends the vertebral column towards that size |
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Sternomastoid
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Origin: Cranial end of the manubrium
Insertion: Lambdoidal ridge and mastoid portion of the temporal bone Action: As a pair: flexion of the head; individually: turns the head |
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Cleidomastoid
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Origin: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: Clavicle Action: When clavicle is stationary, turns the head; when head is stationary, moves the clavicle anteriorly |
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Supraspinatus
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Origin: Above the spine of the scapula (supraspinous fossa)
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint |
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Infraspinatus
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Origin: Below the spine of the scapula (infraspinuous fossa)
Insertion: Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Lateral rotation of arm and stabilization of humerus |
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Teres major
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Origin: Dorsal third of the axillary border
Insertion: Common tendon with the latissimus dorsi onto medial surface of the shaft of the proximal end of the humerus Action: Flexes and rotates the humerus medially |
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Levator scapulae
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Origin: By two heads from the ventral surface of the transverse process of the atlas and from the basioccipital near the tympanic bulla
Insertion: The two heads unite forming a flat band that inserts onto the ventral border of the metacromion of the scapula, into the infraspinuous fossa Action: Pulls scapula cranially |
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Acromiodeltoid
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Origin: Acromion of scapula
Insertion: Surface of spinodeltoid muscle Action: Flexes humerus and rotates it laterally |
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Spinodeltoid
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Origin: Spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid ridge of the humerus Action: Synergistic action with the acromiodeltoid in flexing the humerus and rotating it outward |
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Subscapularis
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Origin: Almost the entire subscapular fossa
Insertion: Dorsal border of lesser tuberosity of the humerus Action: Adducts the humerus |
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Biceps brachii
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Origin: By a tendon above glenoid fossa of the scapula
Insertion: By a tendon of on the radial tuberosity Action: Flexes the forearm synergistically with the brachialis; supinates the manus and stabilizes the shoulder joint |
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Triceps brachii; 3 origin sites
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Origin (lateral head): Deltoid ridge of proximal end of the humerus
Origin (long head): Near glenoid fossa of axillary border of scapula Origin (medial head): Humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Action: Extends the forearm |
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Brachialis
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Origin: Lateral surface of shaft of humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of ulna Action: Flexes the forelimb or antebrachium |
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Brachioradialus
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Origin: Mid-shaft of humerus
Insertion: Styloid process of radius Action: Supinates the manus |
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Extensor carpi radialus longus
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Origin: Lateral supracondyloid of the humerus
Insertion: Thin tendon at base of second metacarpal Action: Extends the manus |
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Extensor carpi radialus brevis
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Origin; Supracondyloid ridge of humerus below origin of extensor carpi radialis longus
Insertioin: Tendon at base of third metacarpal Action: Extends the manus |
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Extensor digitorum communis
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Origin: Supracondyloid ridge of humerus below the origin of the extensor carpi radialus brevis
Insertion: Phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits Action: Extension of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits |
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Extensor digitorum lateralis
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Origin: Supracondyloid ridge of humerus below the origin of the extensor digitorum communis
Insertion: Phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits Action: Synergistic extension of digits with extensor digitorum communis |
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Base of the fiftth metacarpal Action: Extension of the carpals of the ulnar side |
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Pronator teres
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Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Middle of medial border of radius Action: Pronation of manus by rotation of radius |
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Flexor carpi radialus
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Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Action: Flexes the wrist |
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Flexor digitorum profundus
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Origin: Most of the ulna, middle third of radius, medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Five tendons join at wrist, subdivides into five tendons to insert at bases of distal phalanx of digits 1-5 Action: Flexes all digits |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
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Origin (superficial head): Medial epicondyle of humerus
Origin (deep head): Tendon of two humeral heads of the flexor digitorum profundus Insertion: Either side of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 Action: Flexes all digits |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Pisiform bone of the carpals Action: Wrist flexor |
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Sartorius
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Origin: Crest and ventral border of ilium
Insertion: Patella, tibia, and fascia of the knee Action: Adducts and rotates femur, extends shank |
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Gracilis
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Origin: Symphysis of the ishcium and pubis
Insertion: A thin aponeurosis on the medial surface of the tibia Action: Adducts and retracts the leg |
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Biceps femoris
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal one third of tibia and lateral patella Action: Abducts thigh, flexes shank |
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Semitendinosus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia Action: Flexes the shank |
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Semimembranosus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity and ramus of ishcium
Insertion: Femur and tibia Action: Extends thigh |
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Adductor femoris
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Origin: Ramus of pubus and ischium
Insertion: Shaft of femur Action: Adducts thigh |
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Adductor longus
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Origin: Craniomedial border of pubis
Insertion: Middle of linea aspera of femur Action: Adducts thigh |
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Tensor fascia latae
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Origin: Ventral border of ilium, fascia surrounding hip muscles
Insertion: Patella Action: Tightens fascia lata, helps extend shank |
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Vastus medialis
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Origin: Shaft of femur
Insertion: Crosses patella and inserts by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity Action: Extends shank |
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Vastus lateralis
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Origin: Femur
Insertion: Crosses patella and inserts by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity Action: Extends shank |
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Rectus femoris
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Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Crosses patella and inserts by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity Action: Extends shank |
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Vastus intermedius
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Origin: Almost entire shaft of femur
Insertion: Crosses patella and inserts by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity Action: Extends the shaft |
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Tibialis cranialis
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Origin: Proximal end of tibia and fibia
Insertion: Medial surface of first metatarsal Action: Flexes pes |
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Extensor digitorum longus
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Origin: Lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd phalanges of digits 2-5 Action: Extends digits and flexes pes |
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Extensor hallucis longus
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Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Along medial surface of first metatarsal Action: Flexes the pes |
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Tibialis caudalis
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Origin: From head of fibula, proximal end of tibia
Insertion: Onto plantar surface of cuneiform Action: Extensor of pes |
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Gastrocnemius
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Origin (lateral head): Patella, sesamoid bone
Origin (medial head): Sesamoid bone Insertion: Common Achilles tendon inserts on proximal end of calcaneus Action: Extends the pes |
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Plantaris
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Origin: Sesamoid bone
Insertion: Passes through center of Achilles tendon over calcaneus and serves as origin of flexor digitorum brevis on ventral aspect of pes Action: Acts synergistically with gastrocnemius to extend the pes |
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Gluteus maximus
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Origin: Transverse process of last sacral and first caudal vertebrae
Insertion: Onto surface of greater trochanter of femur Action: Abducts thigh |
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Gluteus medius
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Origin: Crest and lateral surface of ilium, transverse processes of last sacral and first caudal vertebrae
Insertion: Proximal end of greater trochanter of femur Action: Abducts thigh |
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Quadriceps Complex
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Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius
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