Muscles Test

Front 1

In comparing electron micrographs of a relaxed skeletal muscle fiber and a fully contracted muscle fiber, which would be seen only in the relaxed fiber?

Back 1

Z discs
Triads
I bands

Front 2

After ACh attaches to its receptors at the neuromuscular junction, the next step is:

Back 2

cross bridges attach

Front 3

Your ability to lift that heavy couch would be increased by which type of exercise?

Back 3

resistance

Front 4

Someone who sticks out a thumb to hitch a ride is ____________ the thumb.

Back 4

abducting

Front 5

Which are ways in which muscle names have been derived?

Back 5

attachments, size, function, location

Front 6

Which of the following muscles attach to the hip bones?

Back 6

rectus abdominis, rectus femoris

Front 7

Which of these thigh muscles cause movement at the hip joint?

Back 7

rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus

Front 8

Which of the following insert on the arm?

Back 8

triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi

Front 9

What is the major function of muscle?

Back 9

contract or shorten to cause movement

Front 10

Specifically, what is responsible for the banding pattern seen in skeletal muscle cells?

Back 10

arrangement of myofilaments

Front 11

Why are the connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscles important?

Back 11

protect, reinforce, and strengthen the tissue

Front 12

What is the function of tendons?

Back 12

tendons attach muscle to bone

Front 13

the region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell

Back 13

neuromuscular junction

Front 14

a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies

Back 14

motor unit

Front 15

the tense, contracted state of a muscle

Back 15

tetanus

Front 16

a response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus

Back 16

graded response

Front 17

chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them

Back 17

neurotransmitter

Front 18

when a muscle is exercised strenuously for a long time; unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated

Back 18

muscle fatigue

Front 19

does not use oxygen; glucose is broken down the pyruvic acid, and small amounts of energy are capture in ATP bonds

Back 19

anaerobic glycolysis

Front 20

occurs in the mitochondria and involves a series of metabolic pathways that use oxygen; glucose is broken down completely to carbon dioxide and water, and some of the energy released as the bonds are broken is capture in bonds of ATP molecules

Back 20

aerobic respiration

Front 21

How do isotonic and isometric contractions differ?

Back 21

isotonic muscle contracts, isometric does not

Front 22

Muscle tone keeps muscles healthy. What is muscle tone, and what causes it? What happens to a muscle that loses its tone?

Back 22

state of continuous partial contraction of muscles resulting from stimulation from the nervous system; a muscle without tone becomes unable to contract and flaccid

Front 23

A skeletal muscle is attached to bones at two points. Name each of these attachment points and indicate which is movable and which is nonmovable.

Back 23

Insertion point and origin (immovable end)

Front 24

How is a prime mover different from a synergist muscle? How can a prime mover also be considered an antagonist?

Back 24

Prime mover is a muscle wiht a major responsibility' synergist helps the primary mover, an antagonist works against the prime mover

Front 25

Name the prime mover for chewing.

Back 25

masseter

Front 26

The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the neck. What are their antagonists?

Back 26

trapezius muscle

Front 27

Name two muscles that reverse the movement of the deltoid muscle.

Back 27

front - pectoralis major
back - latissimus dorsi

Front 28

Name the prime mover of elbow flexion. Name its antagonist.

Back 28

bicep brachii
antagonist- triceps brachii

Front 29

What is it about the arrangement of the abdominal muscles that makes them so well suited for their job?

Back 29

muscles are stacked so their fibers run in opposite directions

Front 30

What action does hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups perform?

Back 30

hamstrings extend the hip and flex the knee; quadriceps flex the hip and extend the knee

Front 31

What two-bellied muscle makes up the calf region of the leg?

Back 31

Calf muscle is made up of the gastrocnemium and planter flexion

Front 32

What happens to muscles when they are exercised regularly?

Back 32

they enlarge, are healthy, decrease in fat; hypertrophy

Front 33

What is the effect of aging on skeletal muscles?

Back 33

tissue mass decreases, amount of connective tissue increases, lose strength