Muscles Of The Pharyngeal Region

Front 1

Cricopharyngeus

Back 1

Origin: Lateral Surface of Cricoid Cartilage
Insertion: Median Dorsal Raphae of Laryngopharynx
Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: Pharyngeal Constrictor
Classification: Pharyngeal Wall Muscle

Front 2

Thyropharyngeus

Back 2

Origin: Lateral Side of Thyroid Lamina
Insertion: Medial Dorsal Raphe of Pharynx
Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: Pharyngeal Constrictor
Classification: Pharyngeal Wall Muscle

Front 3

Hyopharyngeus

Back 3

Origin: Lateral Surface of Thyrohyoid Bone and Ceratohyoid Bone
Insertion: Median Dorsal Raphe of Pharynx
Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: Pharyngeal Constrictor
Classification: Pharyngeal Wall Muscle

Front 4

Palatopharyngeus

Back 4

Origin: Soft Palate
Insertion: Lateral and Dorsal Wall of Pharynx
Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: Closes Palatopharyngeal Arch
Classification: Pharyngeal Wall Muscle

Front 5

Pterygopharyngeus

Back 5

Origin: Pterygoid Bone
Insertion: Dorsal Wall of Pharynx
Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: Shortens Pharynx
Classification: Pharyngeal Wall Muscle

Front 6

Stylopharyngeus

Back 6

Origin: Stylohyoid Bone
Insertion: Dorsolateral Wall of Pharynx
Innervation: Branch of Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
Function: Dilates Pharynx
Classification: Pharyngeal Wall Muscle

Front 7

Levator Veli Palatini

Back 7

Origin: Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone
Insertion: Soft Palate (Caudal to Pterygoid Bone)
Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: Raises Caudal End of Soft Palate (During Swallowing)
Classification: Soft Palate Muscle

Front 8

Tensor Veli Palatini

Back 8

Origin: Cartilaginous Wall of Auditory Tube
Insertion: Pterygoid Bone and Medial Soft Palate
Innervation: Vagus Nerve (X)
Function: Tenses Soft Palate
Classification: Soft Palate Muscle

Front 9

Styloglossus

Back 9

Origin: Stylohyoid Bone
Insertion: Middle of Tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Function: Pulls Tongue Back and Raises It
Classification: Extrinsic Muscle of the Tonge

Front 10

Genioglossus

Back 10

Origin: Mandibular Symphysis
Insertion: Lingual Frenulum (Rostral to Caudal)
Innervation: Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Function: Creates a Depression in Tongue Which Allows Dog to Lap Water
Classification: Extrinsic muscle of the Tongue

Front 11

Hyoglossus

Back 11

Origin: Basihyoid Bone
Insertion: Root of Tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Function: Pulls Tongue into Oral Cavity, Depresses Tongue
Classification: Extrinsic Muscle of the Tongue

Front 12

Geniohyoideus

Back 12

Origin: Rostral Mandible
Insertion: Basihyoid Bone
Innervation: Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Function: Pulls Hyoid Apparatus and Layrnx Rostrally
Classification: Hyoid Muscle

Front 13

Mylohyoideus

Back 13

Origin: Medial Body of Mandible
Insertion: Midventral Raphae of Intermandibular Space and Caudally on Basihyoid Bone
Innervation: Mandibular Branch of Trigeminal Nerve (V)
Function: Creates Ventral Floor of Oral Cavity and Pushes Tongue Up During Swallowing (Not an Extrinsic Muscle of Tongue)
Classification: Hyoid Muscle

Front 14

Sternohyoideus

Back 14

Origin: Sternum and 1st Costal Cartilage
Insertion: Basihyoid Bone
Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve (IX)
Function: Pull Hyoid and Larynx Caudally
Classification: Hyoid Muscle

Front 15

Sternothyroideus

Back 15

Origin: Sternum and 1st Costal Cartilage
Insertion: Thyroid cartilage
Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve (IX)
Function: Pull Hyoid and Larynx Caudally
Classification: Hyoid Muscle