Muscles Of The Lower Limb

Front 1

What muscles are in the gluteal group?

Back 1

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

Front 2

What muscles are in the lateral rotator group of the hip?

Back 2

obturators (internus and externus), piriformis, gemelli (superior and inferior), quadratus femoris

Front 3

What muscles are in the adductor group of the hip?

Back 3

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracillis

Front 4

What muscles are in the iliopsoas group?

Back 4

illiacus, psoas major

Front 5

What muscles flex the knee?

Back 5

biceps femoris, semimembranous, semitendinosus, sartorious, popliteus

Front 6

What muscles extend the knee?

Back 6

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

Front 7

What muscles dorsiflex the ankle?

Back 7

tibialis anterior

Front 8

What muscles plantar flex the ankle?

Back 8

gastrocnemius, fibularis brevis, fibularis longus, plantaris, soleus, tibialis posterior

Front 9

What muscles flex the toes?

Back 9

flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Front 10

What muscles extend the toes?

Back 10

extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus

Front 11

What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

Back 11

extensor digitorum brevis, abductor hallicus, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, lumbrical, flexor hallicus brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, dorsal interosseus, plantar interosseus

Front 12

Gluteus maximus - origin, insertion, function, innervation.

Back 12

Origin - iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, lateral surface of the ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and lumbodorsal fascia.

Insertion - iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Function - Extension and lateral rotation at the hip.

Innervation - inferior gluteal nerve - L5-S2

Front 13

Glutues medius - origin, insertion, function, innervation

Back 13

Origin - anterior iliac crest of ilium, lateral surface between posterior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion - greater trochanter of the femur

Function - abduction and medial rotation at the hip

Innervation - superior gluteal nerve - L4-S1

Front 14

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 14

Origin - iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion - Illiotibial tract

Function - abduction and medial rotation of the hip

Innervation - Superior gluteal nerve - L4-S1

Front 15

Obturators (externus and internus)

Back 15

Origin - lateral and medial margins of obturator foramen

Insertion - Trochanteric fossa of femur (externus), medial surface of greater trochanter (internus)

Function - lateral rotation at the hip

Innervation - obturator nerve L3-L4, special nerve from sacral plexus L5-S2

Front 16

Piriformis

Back 16

Origin - anterolateral surface of sacrum

Insertion - greater trochanter of femur

Function - lateral rotation and abduction at hip

Innervation - branches of sacral nerve S1-S2

Front 17

Gemelli (superior and inferior)

Back 17

Origin - ischal spine and tuberosity

Insertion - medial surface of greater trochanter with tendon of obtruator internus

Function- lateral rotation at hip

Innervation - L5-S2, L4-S1

Front 18

Quadratus femoris

Back 18

Origin - lateral border of ischial tuberosiy

Insertion - intertrochanteric crest of femur

Function - lateral rotation at hip

Innervation - special nerve from sacral plexus L4-S1

Front 19

Adductor brevis

Back 19

Origin - inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion - linea aspera of femur

Function - adduction, flexion nd medial rotation at hip

Innervation - obturator nerve L3-L4

Front 20

Adductor longus

Back 20

Origin - inferior ramus of pubis anterior to adductor brevis

Insertion - linea aspera of femur

Function - adduction, flexion and medial rotation at hip

Front 21

Adductor magnus

Back 21

Origin - inferior ramus of pubis posterior to adductor brevis and ischial tuberosity

Insertion - linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

Function - adduction at hip, superior part produces flexion and medial rotation, inferior part produces extension and lateral rotation

Innervation - obturator and sciatic nerves

Front 22

Pectineus

Back 22

Origin - superior ramus of pubis

Insertion - pectineal line inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

Function - flexion, medial rotation, adduction at hip

Innervation - femoral nerve L2-L4

Front 23

Gracillis

Back 23

Origin - inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion - medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle

Function - flexion at knee, adduction and medial rotation at hip

Innervation - obturator nerve L3-L4

Front 24

Illiacus

Back 24

Origin - iliac fossa of ilium

Insertion - femur distal to lesser trochanter, tendon fused with that of psoas major

Function - flexion at hip

Inervation - femoral nerve L2-L3

Front 25

Psoas major

Back 25

Origin - Anterior surfaces and transverse processes of vertebrae (T12-L5)

Insertion - Lesser trochanter in company with iliacus

Function - flexion at hip or lumbar intervertebral joints

Innervation - Branches of lumbar plexus (L2-L3)

Front 26

Biceps femoris

Back 26

Origin - ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur

Insertion - head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Function - flexion at knee, extension and lateral rotation at hip

Innervation - sciatic nerve, tibial portion (S1-S3) and common fibular branch (L5-S2)

Front 27

Semimembranous

Back 27

Origin - ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

Function - flexion at knee, extension and medial rotation at hip

Innervation - sciatic nerve - tibial portion L5-S2

Front 28

Semitendinosus

Back 28

Origin - ischial tuberosity

Insertion - proximal, medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracillis

Actoin - flexion at knee, extension and medial rotation at hip

Sciatic nerve, tibial portion, L5-S2

Front 29

Sartorius

Back 29

Origin - anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion - medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity

Function - flexion at knee, flexion and lateral rotation at hip

Innervation - femoral nerve L2-L3

Front 30

Popliteus

Back 30

Origin - lateral condyle of femur

Insertion - posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft

Function - medial rotation of tibia

Innervation - tibial nerve L4-S1

Front 31

Rectus femoris

Back 31

Origin - anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium

Insertion - Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Function - extension at kne, flexion at hip

Innervation - femoral nerve L2-L4

Front 32

Vastus intermedius

Back 32

Origin - anterolateral surface of femur and linea aspera

Insertion - tibial tuberoity via patellar ligament

Function - extension at knee

Innervation - femoral nerve L2-L4

Front 33

Vastus lateralis

Back 33

Origin - anterior and inferior to greater trochanter of femur and along linea aspera

Insertion - tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Function - extension at knee

Innervation - femoral nerve L2-L4

Front 34

Vastus medialis

Back 34

Origin - entire length of linea aspera of femur

Insertion - tibal tuberosity via patellar ligament

Function - extension at knee

Innervation - femoral nerve L2-L4

Front 35

Tibialis anterior

Back 35

Origin - Lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia

Insertion - base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone

Function - dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion at foot

Innervation - deep fibular nerve L4-S1

Front 36

Gastrocnemius

Back 36

Origin - femoral condyles

Insertion - calcaneus via calcaneal tendons

Function - plantar flexion at ankle, inversion of foot, flexion at knee

Innervation - tibial nerve S1-S2

Front 37

Fibularis brevis

Back 37

Origin - midlateral margin of fibula

Insertion - base of fifth metatarsal bone

Function - eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle

Innervation - Superficial fibular nerve - L4-S1

Front 38

Fibularis longus

Back 38

Origin - Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal shaft of fibula

Insertion - Base of fifth metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone

Function - Eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle

Innervation - Superficial fibular nerve L4-S1

Front 39

Plantaris

Back 39

Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion - posterior portion of calcaneus

Function - Plantar flexion at ankle, flexion at knee

Innervation - tibial nerve L4-S1

Front 40

Soleus

Back 40

Origin - Head nad proximal shaft of fibula and adjacent posteromedial shaft of tibia

Insertion - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius)

Function - plantar flexion at ankle

Innervation - sciatic nerve, tibial nerve S1-S2

Front 41

Tibialis posterior

Back 41

Origin - interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula

Insertion - tarsal and metatarsal bones

Function - adduction and inversion of foot, plantar flexion at ankle

Innervation - sciatic nerve, tibial branch S1-S2

Front 42

Flexor digitorum longus

Back 42

Origin - posteriomedial surface of tibia

Insertion - inferior surfaces of distal phalanges, toes 2-5

Function - flexion at joints of toes 2-5

Innervation - sciatic nerve, tibial branch L5-S1

Front 43

Flexor hallicus longus

Back 43

Origin - posterior surface of fibula

Insertion - inferior surface, distal phalanx of great toes

Function - flexion at joints of great toe

Innervation - sciatic nerve, tibial branch L5-S1

Front 44

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 44

Origin - lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula

Insertion - Superior surface of phalanges, toes 2-5

Function - Extension at joints of 2-5

Innervation - Deep fibular nerve L4-S1

Front 45

Extensor hallicus longus

Back 45

Origin - anterior surface of fibula

Insertion - superior surface, distal phalanx of great toe

Function - extension at joints of great toe

Innervation - deep fibular nerve L4-S1

Front 46

Extensor digitorum brevis

Back 46

Origin - calcaneus (superior and lateral surfaces)

Insertion - dorsal surface of toes 1-4

Function - extension at metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 1-4

Innervation - deep fibular nerve L5-S1

Front 47

Abductor hallucis

Back 47

Origin - calcaneus (tuberosity on inferior surface)

Insertion - medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe

Function - abduction at metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 2-5

Innervation - medial plantar nerve L4-L5

Front 48

Flexor digitorum brevis

Back 48

Origin - calcaneus (tuberosity on inferior surface)

Insertion - sides of middle phalanges, toes 2-5

Function - flexion at proximal interphalangeal joints of toes 2-5

Innervation - medial plantar nerve L4-L5

Front 49

Abductor digiti minimi

Back 49

Origin - calcaneus (tuberosity on inferior surface)

Insertion - lateral side of proximal phalanx, toe 5

Function - abduction at metatarsophalangeal joint of toe 5

Innervation - lateral plantar nerve L4-L5

Front 50

Quadratus plantae

Back 50

Origin - calcaneus (medial, inferior surfaces)

Insertion - tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Function - flexion at joints of toes 2-5

Innervation - lateral plantar nerve L4-L5

Front 51

Lumbrical (4)

Back 51

Origin - tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion - insertions of extensor digitorum longus

Function - flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints, extension at proximal interphalangeal joints of toes 2-5

Innervation - medial plantar nerve (L4-L5), lateral plantar nerve (L4-L5)

Front 52

Flexor hallicus brevis

Back 52

Origin - cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones

Insertion - proximal phalanx of great toe

Function - flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

Innervation medial plantar nerve (L4-L5)

Front 53

Adductor hallicus

Back 53

Origin - bases of metatarsal bones II-IV and plantar ligaments

Insertion - proximal phalanx of great toe

Function - adduction at metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

Innervation - lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

Front 54

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Back 54

Origin - base of metatarsal bone V

Insertion - lateral side of proximal phalanx of toe 5

Function - Flexion at metatarsophalangeal joint of toe 5

Innervation - lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

Front 55

Dorsal interosseus (4)

Back 55

Origin - sides of metatarsal bones

Insertion - medial and lateral sides of toe 2, lateral sides of toes 3 and 4

Function - abduction at metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 3 and 4

Innervation - lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

Front 56

Plantar interosseus (3)

Back 56

Origin - bases and medial sides of metatarsal bones

Insertion - medial sides of toes 3-5

Function - adduction at metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 3-5

Innervation - lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)