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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the origin of Gluteus Maximus?
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posterior sacrum, ilium
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What is the insertion of Gluteus Maximus?
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gluteal tuberosity of the femur & iliotibial tract
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What is the action of Gluteus Maximus?
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extension & lateral rotation of the femur
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What is Gluteus Maximus mostly used for?
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power, going upstairs, climbing & running
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What is the strongest & largest muscle in the body?
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Gluteus Maximus
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What is the origin of Gluteus Medius?
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posterior ilium
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What is the insertion of Gluteus Medius?
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greater trochanter of the femur
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What is the action of Gluteus Medius?
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abduction & medial rotation of the femur
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Where are shots given to avoid the sciatic nerve?
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Gluteus Medius
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Paralysis of what muscle leads to a limp?
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Gluteus Medius
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What is the origin of Gluteus Minimus?
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posterior ilium
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What is the insertion of Gluteus Minimus?
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greater trochanter of the femur
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What is the deepest & smallest gluteal muscle?
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Gluteus Minimus
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What is the origin of Tensor Fasciae Latae (ITB)?
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ilia
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What is the insertion of Tensor Fasciae Latae (ITB)?
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tibia
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What is the action of Tensor Fasciae Latae (ITB)?
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prevents collapse of the extended knee in ambulation. assists in abduction, medial rotation & flexion of the femur & extension of the knee
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What are the Deep Lateral Rotators of the hip?
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piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, quadratus femoris
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What is the origin of the Deep Lateral Rotators of the hip?
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anterior sacrum, ischium, obturator foramen
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What is the insertion of the Deep Lateral Rotators of the hip?
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greater trochanter
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What is the action of the Deep Lateral Rotators of the hip?
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lateral rotation of the femur
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Which deep lateral rotator of the hip is involved with sciatic-like symptoms?
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piriformis
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What shape is Quadratus Femoris?
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square
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What is the origin of Psoas Major?
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T12 to L5
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What is the insertion of Psoas Major?
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lesser trochanter
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What is the action of Psoas Major?
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flexion & lateral rotation of the femur
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What muscle is combined with Psoas Major to make up the strongest hip flexor?
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Iliacus
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What is Psoas Major & Iliacus called when combined?
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Iliopsoas
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What muscle is most implicated in back pain?
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Iliopsoas
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What muscle is implicated in a pulled groin?
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Iliopsoas or any other adductor muscle
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What is the origin of Iliacus?
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ilium, iliac fossa
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What is the insertion of Iliacus?
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lesser trochanter
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What is the action of Iliacus?
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flexion & lateral rotation of the femur
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What is the origin of Sartorius?
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anterior iliac
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What is the insertion of Sartorius?
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tibia
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What is the action of Sartorius?
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assists in flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of the femur. assists in flexion & medial rotation of the knee
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What is the longest muscle in the body?
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Sartorius
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What is the most superficial thigh muscle?
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Sartorius
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What muscle forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
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Sartorius
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What muscle is called the tailor sitting muscle?
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Sartorius
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How many joints does Sartorius cross & which ones?
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2, hip & knee
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What structures go through the femoral triangle?
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nerves, arteries, veins & lymph
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What is another name for the femoral triangle?
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inguinal triangle
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What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?
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inguinal ligament
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How many muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris muscle group?
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4
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What are the muscles that make up the Quadriceps Femoris muscle group?
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Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis
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What is the origin of Rectus Femoris?
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iliac, acetabulum
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What is the insertion of Rectus Femoris?
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patella, via the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity
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What is the action of Rectus Femoris?
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extension of the knee & assists in flexion of the femur
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What is the only muscle in the Quadriceps Femoris group that crosses both the hip & knee?
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Rectus Femoris
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What is the origin of Vastus Medialis?
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linea aspera
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What is the origin of Vastus Lateralis?
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linea aspera & greater trochanter
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What is the origin of Vastus Intermedius?
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anterior & lateral femoral shaft
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What is the insertion of the Vasti group of the Quadriceps?
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patella via the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity
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What is the action of the Vasti group of the Quadriceps?
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extension of the knee
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Where do the Vasti group of the Quadriceps get their name?
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size & position
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What is the origin of Pectineus?
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anterior pubis
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What is the insertion of Pectineus?
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between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera of the femur
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What is the action of Pectineus?
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flexion of the femur. assists in adduction of the femur.
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What is the uppermost muscle of the medial thigh?
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Pectineus
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What is the origin of Adductor Longus & Adductor Brevis?
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anterior pubis
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What is the insertion of Adductor Longus & Adductor Brevis?
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linea aspera
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What is the action of Adductor Longus & Adductor Brevis?
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adduction of the femur & assists in flexion & medial rotation of the femur
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What muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
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Adductor Longus
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What is the origin of Adductor Magnus?
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pubic ramus, ischial tuberosity & ramus
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What is the insertion of Adductor Magnus?
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linea aspera & adductor tubercle of the femur
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What is the action of Adductor Magnus?
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adduction of the femur & assists in medial rotation of the femur
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Which adductor muscle is the largest & strongest?
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Adductor Magnus
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What is the origin of Gracilis?
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anterior pubis
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What is the insertion of Gracilis?
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tibia
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What is the action of Gracilis?
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adduction of the femur & assists in flexion & medial rotation of the flexed knee
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What is the most superficial & medial of the adductor muscles?
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Gracilis
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What muscle along with the femoral shaft form the shape of a "V"?
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Gracilis
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What are the names of the Hamstrings from most lateral to medial?
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Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
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What is the origin of Biceps Femoris?
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ischial tuberosity & linea aspera
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Where does the long head of Biceps Femoris originate?
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ischial tuberosity
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Where does the short head of Biceps Femoris originate?
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linea aspera
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What is the insertion of Biceps Femoris?
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fibula
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What is the action of the long head of Biceps Femoris?
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extension of hip
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What is the action of both heads of Biceps Femoris?
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flexion of knee & lateral rotation of the flexed knee
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What joint(s) do the Hamstrings cross?
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hip & knee
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What is the most commonly pulled Hamstring?
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Biceps Femoris
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What is the origin of Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus?
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ischial tuberosity
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What is the insertion of Semitendinosus?
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anterior, proximal tibial shaft
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What is the insertion of Semimembranosus?
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posterior, medial tibial condyle
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What is the action of Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus?
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extension of hip, flexion of knee & medial rotation of flexed knee
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What is the most medial thigh muscle that protects the popliteal vein?
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Semimembranosus
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What is the most superficial calf muscle?
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Gastrocnemius
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What is the origin of Gastrocnemius?
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medial & lateral epicondyles of the femur
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What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius?
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calcaneus via the Achilles tendon
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What is the action of Gastrocnemius?
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plantar flexion of the ankle & assists with flexion of the knee
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What muscle can act on the knee or the ankle, but not simultaneously?
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Gastrocnemius
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What muscles make up the Triceps Surae?
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Gastrocnemius & Soleus
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How many heads does Gastrocnemius have?
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2
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How many heads does Soleus have?
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1
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What is the origin of Soleus?
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tibia & fibula
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What is the insertion of Soleus?
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calcaneus via the Achilles tendon
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What is the action of Soleus?
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plantar flexion of the ankle
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What is the strongest & deepest plantar flexor?
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Soleus
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What is the origin of Plantaris?
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lateral epicondyle of the femur
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What is the insertion of Plantaris?
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calcaneus via the Achilles tendon
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What is the largest tendon in the body?
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Achilles tendon
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What lower body muscle is commonly used in tendon repair?
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Plantaris
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What lower body muscle is sometimes missing in people?
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Plantaris
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What is the origin of Popliteus?
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lateral condyle of the femur
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What is the insertion of Popliteus?
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tibial shaft
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What is the action of Popliteus?
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initiates knee flexion by medial rotation of the tibia to unlock the extended knee
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What is the deepest muscle at the back of the knee?
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Popliteus
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What muscle is known as the key that unlocks the knee?
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Popliteus
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What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
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posterior tibia
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What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
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distal phalanges of the 4 lateral toes on the plantar surface
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What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
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flexion of the 4 lateral toes, assists in plantar flexion of the ankle
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What are the "Tom, Dick & Harry" muscles?
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Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus & Flexor Hallucis Longus
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What do the "Tom, Dick & Harry" muscles do?
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form the stirrup of the foot
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What is the origin of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
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posterior fibula
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What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
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distal phalanx of the great toe on the plantar surface
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What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
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flexion of the great toe, assists in plantar flexion of the ankle
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What is the origin of Tibialis Posterior?
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posterior tibia, fibula & interosseous membrane
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What is the insertion of Tibialis Posterior?
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navicular & adjacent tarsals & metatarsals on the plantar surface
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What is the action of Tibialis Posterior?
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inversion of the foot, assists in plantar flexion of the ankle
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What is the deepest "Tom, Dick & Harry" muscle?
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Tibialis Posterior
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What 3 muscles course around the medial malleolus?
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Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus & Flexor Hallucis Longus (Tom, Dick & Harry)
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What vein goes around the medial malleolus?
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greater saphrenous vein
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What is the origin of Tibialis Anterior?
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lateral condyle & lateral shaft of the tibia & interosseous membrane
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What is the insertion of Tibialis Anterior?
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base of 1st metatarsal & 1st cuneiform on plantar surface
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What is the action of Tibialis Anterior?
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dorsiflexion of the ankle & inversion of the foot
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Paralysis of what muscle causes foot drop?
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Tibialis Anterior
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What muscle is often involved in shin splints?
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Tibialis Anterior
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What is the origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
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anterior fibula & interosseous membrane
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What is the insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
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base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
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What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
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extension of the great toe, assists in dorsiflexion of the ankle
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What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
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anterior calcaneus
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What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
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extensor expansion of the 4 medial toes
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What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
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aids in extension of the 4 medial toes
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What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
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lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior fibula
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What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
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middle & distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes
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What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
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extension of 4 lateral toes & assists in dorsiflexion of the ankle
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What is the origin of Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius?
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anterior distal fibula
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What is the insertion of Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius?
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base of 5th metatarsal
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What is the action of Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius?
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eversion of the foot, assists in dorsiflexion of the ankle
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What is the origin of Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis?
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lateral fibula
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What is the insertion of Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis?
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base of 5th metatarsal
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What is the action of Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis?
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eversion of the foot, assists in plantar flexion of the ankle
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What is the origin of Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus?
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head & lateral fibula
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What is the insertion of Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus?
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base of 1st metatarsal & 1st cuneiform on plantar surface
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What is the action of Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus?
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eversion of the foot, assists in plantar flexion of the ankle
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What is the origin of Abductor Hallucis?
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calcaneus
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What is the insertion of Abductor Hallucis?
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base of proximal phalanx of the great toe
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What is the action of Abductor Hallucis?
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flexion & abduction of the great toe
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What is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
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calcaneus
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What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
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middle phalanges of 4 lateral toes
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What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
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flexion of 4 lateral toes
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What is the origin of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
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calcaneus
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What is the insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
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base of the proximal phalanx of the little toe
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What is the action of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
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flexion & abduction of the little toe
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What is the origin of Lumbrical?
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tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus
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What is the insertion of Lumbrical?
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extensor expansion of 4 lateral toes
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What is the action of Lumbrical?
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flexion & extension of 4 lateral toes
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What is the origin of Quadratus Plantae?
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calcaneus
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What is the insertion of Quadratus Plantae?
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tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus
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What is the action of Quadratus Plantae?
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assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion
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What is the origin of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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base of the metatarsal of the great toe
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What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
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What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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flexion of great toe
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What is the origin of Adductor Hallucis?
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base of 2nd & 3rd metatarsals, 3rd, 4th & 5th joint capsules
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What is the insertion of Adductor Hallucis?
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base of proximal phalanx of great toe
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What is the action of Adductor Hallucis?
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adduction & flexion of great toe
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What is the origin of Dorsal Interossei?
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adjacent metatarsals
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What is the insertion of Dorsal Interossei?
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extensor expansion of 2nd, 3rd & 4th toes
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What is the action of Dorsal Interossei?
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abduction of 2nd, 3rd & 4th toes, assists in flexion & extension of 4 lateral toes
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What is the origin of Plantar Interossei?
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3rd, 4th & 5th metatarsals
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What is the insertion of Plantar Interossei?
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extensor expansion of 3 lateral toes
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What is the action of Plantar Interossei?
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adduction of 3 lateral toes, assists in flexion of 4 lateral toes
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What is the action of Gluteus Minimus?
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abduction & medial rotation of the femur
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