Muscles Of The Head And Neck

Front 1

muscles of the head and neck are divided into how many groups?
what are they

Back 1

8 groups
(1) m. of mastication
(2) suprahyoid m.
(3) infrahyoid m.
(4) m. of the tongue
(5) m. of facial expression
(6) m. of the neck
(7) m. of the soft palate
(8) m. of the pharynx

Front 2

muscles of mastication

Back 2

elevate, protrude, retrude, cause lateral movement to the mandible (chewing)

innervated by mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

temporalis, masseter, medial & lateral pterygoid

Front 3

temporalis m.

Back 3

m. of mastication
muscle elevates the jaw
anterior fibers are vertical, post. fibers are horizontal
palpated above zygomatic arch

Front 4

masseter m.

Back 4

m. of mastication
contraction of this muscle causes the mandible to elevate
easily observed when the jaws are clenched

Front 5

medial pterygoid m.

Back 5

m. of mastication
function is to elevate the mandible

Front 6

lateral pterygoid m.

Back 6

m. of mastication
one lateral pterygoid muscle contracts there is a lateral shift of the mandible to the opposite side
if both the pterygoid muscles contract the jaw protrudes

Front 7

suprahyoid muscles

Back 7

located above the hyoid bone between the mandible and the hyoid bone
function is to lower the mandible/ raise the hyoid bone

digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid

Front 8

digastric m.

Back 8

suprahyoid m.
function is to lower the mandible/ raise the hyoid bone

anterior belly innervated by mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
posterior belly innervated by the facial nerve (VII)

Front 9

mylohyoid m.

Back 9

suprahyoid m.
muscle creates the floor of the mouth
innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 10

geniohyoid m.

Back 10

suprahyoid m.
function is to lower the mandible/ raise the hyoid bone

innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII)
located above mylohyoid muscle

Front 11

stylohyoid m.

Back 11

suprahyoid m.
function is to lower the mandible/ raise the hyoid bone

innervated by the same branch of the facial nerve that supplies the posterior belly of the digastric

Front 12

infrahyoid muscles

Back 12

located below the hyoid bone, in front of the neck
depress the hyoid or fix it in place so the suprahyoid can work.
innervated by 1st, 2nd, 3rd cervical nerves

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

Front 13

omohyoid m.

Back 13

infrahyoid m.
inferior belly & superior belly
depress the hyoid or fix it in place so the suprahyoid can work.

Front 14

sternohyoid m.

Back 14

infrahyoid m.
depress the hyoid or fix it in place so the suprahyoid can work.

Front 15

sternothyroid m.

Back 15

infrahyoid m.
located below the sternohyoid

depress the hyoid or fix it in place so the suprahyoid can work.

Front 16

thyrohyoid m.

Back 16

infrahyoid m.
depress the hyoid or fix it in place so the suprahyoid can work.

Front 17

muscles of the tongue

Back 17

divided into two groups: intrinsic/ extrinsic
muscles help to change tongue shape and position
tongue muscles innervated by hypoglossal nerve (XII)

intrinsic- superior& inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical
extrinsic- genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

Front 18

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Back 18

lie in the tongue, responsible for changes in the shape of the tongue (named for direction in which they run)

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical

Front 19

superior longitudinal m.

Back 19

m. of the tongue (intrinsic)
m. runs the length of the tongue from ant to posterior
located near the top of the tongue
widens and turns the tip of the tongue up

Front 20

inferior longitudinal m.

Back 20

m. of the tongue (intrinsic)
m. runs the length of the tongue from ant to posit lies near the bottom of the tongue
widens and turns the tip of the tongue down

Front 21

transverse m.

Back 21

m. of the tongue (intrinsic)
m. is found on the lateral edges of the tongue
makes the tongue narrow

Front 22

vertical m.

Back 22

m. of the tongue (intrinsic)
m. runs from the upper to the lower surface of the tongue
aids in widening the tongue tip

Front 23

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Back 23

aids in positioning the tongue
originates from close structures and insert on or intermingle with intrinsic muscles

genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

Front 24

genioglossus m.

Back 24

m. of the tongue (extrinsic)
anterior fibers retract the tongue
posterior fibers push it forward
does majority of work for the tongue

Front 25

hyoglossus m.

Back 25

m. of the tongue (extrinsic)
depresses the tongue and draws the sides down

Front 26

styloglossus m.

Back 26

m. of the tongue (extrinsic)
draws the tongue up and backward

Front 27

muscles of facial expression

Back 27

innervated by facial nerve (VII)
muscles are symmetric and work in groups

muscles of: the scalp, ears, eye, provers, corrugator, nose& mouth

Front 28

muscles of the scalp

Back 28

m. of facial expression
"occipitofrontalis"
2 groups: frontalis and occipitalis
pulls the scalp forward and backward, raises the eyebrows

Front 29

muscles of the ears

Back 29

m. of facial expression
3 groups: anterior, posterior& superior auricular
located in front of, behind & above ear
draw the ear forward and backward or elevate the ear

Front 30

orbicularis oculi m.

Back 30

m. of facial expression
muscle encircles the eye
divided into orbital and palpebral (eyelid) sections
closes the eyes

Front 31

procerus m.

Back 31

m. of facial expression
muscle runs from bridge of the nose to the eyebrow
pulls eyebrows downward

Front 32

corrugator m.

Back 32

m. of facial expression
runs along the eyebrow
pulls eyebrow down and in

Front 33

muscles of the nose

Back 33

m. of facial expression
nasalis is divided into compressor nares & dilator nares
compressor nares close the nostrils
dilator nares flare the nostrils

Front 34

muscles of the mouth

Back 34

orbicularis oris
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
levator labii superioris (quadratus labii superioris)
zygomatic
levator anguli oris (caninus)
buccinator
risorius
depressor anguli oris (triangularis)
depressor labii inferioris (quadratus labii inferioris)
mentalis

Front 35

orbicularis oris m.

Back 35

m. of the mouth
no skeletal attachment
encircles the mouth and composes the lips
close the lips and protrude them

Front 36

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m.

Back 36

m. of the mouth
raises the upper lip and ala of the nose producing a sneer

Front 37

levator labii superioris m. (quadratus labii superioris)

Back 37

m. of the mouth
muscle runs above the mouth
help elevate the upper lip

has three heads:
angular (near nose), infraorbital (lower edge of orbit)
zygomatic (zygomatic bone)

Front 38

zygomatic m.

Back 38

m. of the mouth
elevates the angle of the mouth up and laterally
producing a smile
divided into zygomatic major and minor muscles

Front 39

levator anguli m. (caninus)

Back 39

m. of the mouth
aids in elevating the corner of the mouth
producing a smile

Front 40

buccinator m.

Back 40

m. of the mouth
forms the cheek
holds the cheek against the teeth and keeps food on the occlusal surfaces during mastication

*accessory muscle to the muscle of mastication

Front 41

risorius m.

Back 41

m. of the mouth
pulls the angle of the mouth laterally and produces a wide smile

Front 42

depressor anguli oris m. (triangularis)

Back 42

m. of the mouth
it pulls the corner of the mouth downward and inward
producing a frown

Front 43

depressor labii inferioris m. (quadratus labii inferioris)

Back 43

m. of the mouth
pull the lower lip down and laterally showing the mandibular anterior teeth

Front 44

mentalis m.

Back 44

m. of the mouth
raise the skin of the chin and protrude the lower lip
interferes with the treatment of mandibular anterior labial surfaces when contracted

Front 45

muscles of the neck

Back 45

platysma
trapezius
sternocleidomastoid

Front 46

platysma m.

Back 46

m. of the neck
below the skin of the neck
innervated by the facial nerve (VII)
wrinkles the skin of the chin and neck
draws the outed part of the lower lip down and back producing a grimace

Front 47

trapezius m.

Back 47

m. of the neck
covers back of the neck, shoulder, and clavicle
innervated by spinal accessory nerve (XI)
muscle produces a shoulder shrug

Front 48

sternocleidomastoid m.

Back 48

m. of the neck
two heads: top of sternum and clavicle
innervated by spinal accessory nerve (XI)
turns the chin upward to the opposite side when the head is turned laterally

Front 49

muscles of the soft palate

Back 49

raise the soft palate during swallowing

palatoglossal (palatoglossus)
palatopharyngeal (palatopharyngeus)
uvula
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini

Front 50

palatoglossal m. (palatoglossus)

Back 50

m. of the soft palate
in front of the tonsils
pulls the sides of the tongue up and back and the soft palate down
also constricts the pillars

Front 51

palatopharyngeal m. (palatopharyngeus)

Back 51

m. of the soft palate & m. of the pharynx
forms the posterior tonsillar pillar
innervated by the pharyngeal plexus
causes pharynx to elevate

Front 52

uvula m.

Back 52

m. of the soft palate
small mass of tissue hangs down in the throat from the soft palate
innervation is the thru the pharyngeal plexus
upon contraction uvula will shorten

Front 53

levator veli palatini m.

Back 53

m. of the soft palate
innervated by the pharyngeal plexus
pulls the soft palate upward and back

Front 54

tensor veli palatini m.

Back 54

m. of the soft palate
innervated by the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V3)
tenses the soft palate by pulling on the lateral sides

Front 55

muscles of the pharynx

Back 55

pharynx is a muscular tube
consists of three constrictor m. & 3 smaller muscles
m. function in deglutition
innervated by the pharyngeal plexus

superior, middle and inferior constrictor
palatopharngeal
elevators and dilators of the pharynx
deglutition

Front 56

superior constrictor m.

Back 56

m. of the pharynx
function in swallowing

Front 57

middle constrictor m.

Back 57

m. of the pharynx
function in swallowing

Front 58

inferior constrictor m.

Back 58

m. of the pharynx
function in swallowing

Front 59

elevators and dilators of the pharynx

Back 59

salpingopharyngeal m.
stylopharyngeal m.

Front 60

salpingopharyngeal m.

Back 60

m. of the pharynx/ elevators and dilators of the pharynx
innervated by the pharyngeal plexus
helps elevate the pharynx

Front 61

stylopharyngeal m.

Back 61

m. of the pharynx/ elevators and dilators of the pharynx
innervated by glossopharngeal nerve (IX)
helps elevate and dilate the pharynx

Front 62

deglutition

Back 62

swallowing is divided into 3 stages: oral, pharyngeal & esophageal

Front 63

oral stage

Back 63

m. of the pharynx/ deglutition stages
the bolus is centered on the tongue, the tongue raises up and back
a seal is made between the hard palate and the tongue. the sides of the tongue seal against the teeth& the mucosa of the hard palate.
The bolus is moved backward by intrinsic& extrinsic muscles of the tongue as well as the suprahyoid m.
Muscles of mastication hold the teeth together.
Bolus is positioned onto the posterior tongue.
Upward & backward mvmnt of tongue causes the muscles of the soft palate to elevate the soft palate.

Front 64

pharyngeal stage

Back 64

m. of the pharynx/ deglutition stage
Fauces are narrowed by palatoglossal muscle.
Soft palate contacts the posterior pharyngeal wall.
Stylopharyngeal& salpingopharyngeal m. elevate& dilate the pharynx to make room for the bolus.
Superior, middle& inferior constrictors squeeze the pharynx moving bolus into lower end of pharynx.
Thyroid cartilage of the larynx is raised and brought forward by thyrohyoid m. and other muscles.
Epiglottis protects the larynx from bolus.
Food is then propelled into the upper part of the esophagus

Front 65

esophageal stage

Back 65

m. of the pharynx/ deglutition stage
bolus is propelled by peristaltic contractions into the stomach

Front 66

describe the muscle of mastication

Back 66

temporalis, masseter and medial and lateral pterygoid
causes movement of the mandible

Front 67

describe the suprahyoid muscles

Back 67

digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid m.
cause movement of the lower mandible and raise the hyoid bone

Front 68

describe the infrahyoid muscles

Back 68

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothryoid &thyroid m.
depress the hyoid bone or hold it in place so the supra hyoids can work

Front 69

describe the muscles of the tongue

Back 69

various intrinsic muscles which can change the shape of the tongue
various extrinsic muscles which position the tongue

Front 70

describe the muscles of facial expression

Back 70

various muscles of the scalp, ear, eye, nose, and neck which control facial expression

Front 71

describe the muscles of the neck

Back 71

platysma, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
control movement of the head, chin, neck and lips

Front 72

describe the muscles of the soft palate

Back 72

palatoglossal, palatopharyngeal, uvula, levator & tensor veli palatini
raises the soft palate during swallowing

Front 73

describe the muscles of the pharynx

Back 73

superior, middle & inf. constrictors, palatopharyngeal, salpingopharyngeal& stylophharngeal
control swallowing allowing elevation and dilation of the pharynx

Front 74

which of the muscles elevate the mandible to close the mouth?

Back 74

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

muscles of mastication

Front 75

which muscles has fibers that primarily run horizontally?

Back 75

temporalis m. of masticstiom

Front 76

which of these is not a supra hyoid muscle?
a. geniohyoid
b. stylohyoid
c. thyrohyoid
d. digastric

Back 76

c. thyrohyoid
muscle of the infra hyoid muscles

Front 77

which muscle forms the floor of the mouth?

Back 77

mylohyoid m.

Front 78

the facial muscles greatly influence all of the following except:
a. speech
b. appearance
c. swallowing
d. mastication

Back 78

a. speech

Front 79

what muscle opens the mandible?

Back 79

lateral pterygoid